Human Body & Orientation Ch. 1

Question 1

Anatomy v. Physiology

Answer 1

• anatomy the study of the body structure and its morphology
• anatomy the study of the structure of the human body
• includes morphology (which is the study of form)

-Physiology- the study of the body function

Question 2

Atomic/molecular level
Cellular level
Tissue Level

Answer 2

• atoms from molecules
• cells and their functional subunits
• a group of cells performing a coordinated function

Question 3

• Organ level
• Organ system
• Organism level
• Population level
• Ecosystem

Answer 3

• a discrete structure made up of more than one tissue type
• organs working together for a common purpose (i.e heart & blood vessels, uterus, & bladder)
• the result of all organ systems working in coordination
• interaction with other Homospaiens
• interaction with other species in our ecosystems

Question 4

Axial v. Appendicular

Answer 4

Axial- the main axis of the body (basically the head and the body trunk)
Appendicular - the limbs (legs and arms)

Question 5

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 5

-lies vertically and divides the body in the posterior and the anterior
(cutting the head through the ears way)

Question 6

Median (midsagittal) plane

Answer 6

-specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline

cutting head nose way

Question 7

Transverse plane

Answer 7

-runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior parts
(cutting body waits way)

Question 8

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 8

• cranial cavity

- vertebral cavity

Question 9

Ventral body cavity

Answer 9

• thoracic cavity
• abdominal cavity
• pelvic cavity

Question 10

Inner tube

Answer 10

-extends from mouth to anus and includes the pharnyx, respitory and digestive organs, the pharynx, respitory and digestive organs, the

Question 11

Outer tube

Answer 11

-consists of axial skeleton and associated axial muscles that make up the outer body wall and nervous structures

Question 12

Standard Anatomical Position

Answer 12

-person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward, palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body

Question 13

Anterior thoracic (axial)

Answer 13

• axillary
• sternal
• mammary

Question 14

Anterior cephalic (head) (axial)

Answer 14

• frontal
• orbital
• nasal
• oral
• mental

Question 15

Anterior Abdominal (axial)

Answer 15

Umbilical

Question 16

Anterior Pelvic (axial)

Answer 16

-inguinal (groin)

Question 17

Anterior Pubic (axial)

Answer 17

-genital

Question 18

Anterior Upper limbs (appendicular)

Answer 18

• acromial
• brachial (arm)
• antecubital
• antebrachial (forearm)
• carpal (wrist)

Question 19

Anterior Manus (hand) (appendicular)

Answer 19

• Pollex
• palmar
• digital (figners)

Question 20

Anterior Lower Limb (appendicular)

Answer 20

• coxal (hip)
• femoral (thigh)
• patellar (knee)
• fibular or peroneal

Question 21

Anterior Pedal (foot) (appendicular)

Answer 21

• tarsal (ankel)
• Metatarsal
• digital
• hallux (big tow)

Question 22

Posterior Upper limb (appendicular)

Answer 22

• acromial (sholder)
• brachial (arm)
• Olecranal (elbow)
• Antebrachial (forearm)

Question 23

Posterior Manus (hand) (appendicular)

Answer 23

• Metacarpal

- Digital

Question 24

Posterior Lower Limb (appendicular)

Answer 24

• Fermoral (thigh)
• Popliteal (back of knee)
• Sural (calf)
• Fibular or peroneal (under calf)

Question 25

Posterior Pedal (foot) (appendicular)

Answer 25

- calcaneal (heel) | - plantar (bottoms of feet)

Question 26

Posterior cephalic (axial)

Answer 26

- otic - occipital (back of head) - cervical

Question 27

Posterior back (dorsal) (axial)

Answer 27

- scapular - vertebral - Lumbar - sacral - gluteal (butt) - perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

Question 28

Superior

Answer 28

Towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body ; above -exp: head it superior to the abdomen

Question 29

Inferior

Answer 29

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body below -exp: the naval (the belly button)is inferior to the chin

Question 30

anterior (ventral)

Answer 30

- towards or the front of the body; in front of | - exp: the breastbone is anterior to the spine

Question 31

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 31

- towards or at the back of the body; behind | - exp: the heart is posterior to the breastbone

Question 32

medial

Answer 32

- toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of | - exp the heart is medial to the arm

Question 33

lateral

Answer 33

- away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of | - the arms are lateral to the chest

Question 34

proximal

Answer 34

- closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk - the elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 35

distal

Answer 35

father from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk -the knee is distal to the thigh

Question 36

superficial (external)

Answer 36

- towards or at the body surface | - the skin is superficial to the skeleton muscles

Question 37

-deep (internal)

Answer 37

- away from the body surface; more internal | - the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Question 38

Ipsilateral

Answer 38

- on the same side | - the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral

Question 39

contralateral

Answer 39

- on opposite sides | - the right hand and left foot are contralateral