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FINAL REVIEW CARDS > Human Body Systems > Flashcards

Human Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in the External environment

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

Tends to reduce the input signal that caused it and helps to maintain stability in the system in spite of external changes

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3
Q

Positive feedback

A

Tends to increase the event that caused it gives the system the ability to access new point of equilibrium

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4
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body in response to internal and external stimuli

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5
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that transmit impulses from one spot in the body to

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6
Q

Synapse

A

Location in which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another nerve cell

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across the synapse to another cell

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8
Q

What is found in the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Brain

A

The place to which impulses flow and it from which impulses originate

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10
Q

Spinal cord

A

The communication link between the brain and the rest of the body

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11
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of all the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Regulates activities that are under the conscious control

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulate the activities that are automatic or involuntary

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14
Q

Pain receptors

A

Found everywhere except the brain and respond to chemicals released by damage to cells

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15
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Located in the skin core and hypothalamus and detect variations in temperature

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16
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Found in the skin skeletal muscles and inner ear and respond to touch, pressure, stretching of muscle, sound, and motion

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17
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Located in the nose and taste buds and respond to chemicals in the
external environment

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18
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Found in the eye and are sensitive to light

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19
Q

Digestive system

A

A continuous tubelike passageway that extends from the mouth to the anus

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20
Q

Digestion

A

Break down food into molecules the body can use

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21
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of nutrients into the blood carries nutrients to cells throughout the body

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22
Q

What is the passageway of food throughout the body

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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23
Q

What are the three accessory organs in the digestive system

A

Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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24
Q

Salivary glands

A

Make saliva, and begin mechanical and chemical digestion

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25
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube that leads to the stomach

26
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike motion of two muscles contracting to push the bolus down the esophagus

27
Q

Sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the base of the soffit guess prevents material from leaving the stomach

28
Q

Stomach

A

Produces chime or a semi fluid mass of digested food

29
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients and continues chemical digestion

30
Q

Large intestine

A

Eliminates waste and absorbs the water, minerals, and vitamins

31
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes enzymes to break down and makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidic time from stomach

32
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

33
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifies fat and breaks down large that globules into smaller ones

34
Q

Gallbladder

A

Greenspan located beneath lobe of the liver

35
Q

Respiratory system

A

A group of organs working together to bring about oxygen and carbon dioxide the environment

36
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Lined with hair for filtering and kept moist by mucus secretion

37
Q

Pharynx

A

Located at the back of the mouth and is the common passageway for air and food

38
Q

Larynx

A

Located at top of trachea made of cartilage pieces that include the Adams apple and voicebox

39
Q

Trachea

A

(Wind pipe) Made of session rings of cartilage which provide protection and flexibility

40
Q

Bronchi

A

The trachea divides into two branches the left and the right ____

41
Q

Lungs

A

Main organ of the respiratory system

42
Q

Bronchioles

A

connect to tiny air sacs called Alvioli

43
Q

Alveoli

A

Separate gas from the liquid taking out carbon dioxide from the blood and replacing with oxygen

44
Q

Breathing

A

Caused by the diaphragm

45
Q

Circulatory system

A

Composed of blood heart and blood vessels

46
Q

What is the path that blood follows

A

Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

47
Q

Septum

A

Devides left and right

48
Q

Atrium

A

Top half of heart accepts blood and pumps to ventricles

49
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom half of the heart pumps blood to lungs or body

50
Q

Blood vessel

A

Includes arteries capillaries and veins

51
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood from the heart to the body

52
Q

Capillaries

A

Arterioles branch into these they’re so small that sells must pass through in a single file line

53
Q

Veins

A

Blood moves from capillaries into these

54
Q

Excretory system

A

Confused of the skin lungs and kidneys main purpose is to remove metabolic waste

55
Q

Kidneys

A

Main organ of been excretory system to be shaped organs that have blood flowing into them through the renal artery and out them through the renal vein the waste removed from the blood by the kidney is carried out by the ureter to the urinary Bladder

56
Q

Infection

A

When your body is successfully invaded by a pathogen

57
Q

First-line defense

A

Primary defense against disease causing microorganisms

58
Q

Nonspecific

A

General defense protects body against all infections

59
Q

Second line defense

A

If pathogens managed to enter the body the ____ kicks in

60
Q

List the levels of organization from smallest to largest

A

Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

FINAL REVIEW CARDS (9 decks)

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