Human Body Systems Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the five major body cavities?
- Cranial cavity: brain.
- Spinal cavity: spinal cord.
- Thoracic cavity: trachea, esophagus, heart & lungs, spine and ribs.
- Abdominal cavity: spleen, liver, pancreas, stomach and intestines.
- Pelvic cavity: rectum, colon and ureter.
What are the abdominal quadrants?
- Right upper quadrant: liver, kidney, colon, pancreas and gallbladder.
- Left upper quadrant: liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, colon and pancreas.
- Right lower quadrant: colon, intestines, iliac artery & vein, ureter and appendix.
- Left lower quadrant: colon, intestines, iliac artery & vein and ureter.
- Midline: aorta, pancreas, intestines, bladder and spine.
What are the major body systems?
- Skeletal system: bones.
- Muscular system: muscles.
- Integumentary system: skin.
- Circulatory system: heart and vessels.
- Respiratory system: lungs.
- Digestive system: stomach and intestines.
- Genitourinary system: reproductive and urinary organs.
- Endocrine system: hormones.
What are the signs and symptoms of a respiratory emergency?
- Noisy breathing sounds.
- Absence/uneven chest movement.
- Shallow or deep breathing.
- Irregular breathing
- Skin colour: blue or ashen.
What are the corrective measures for a respiratory emergency?
- Clear airway.
- Maintain airway: head tilt chin lift, OPA, NPA.
- Respiratory support: bag valve mask, supplemental oxygen.
What are the signs and symptoms of a circulatory emergency?
- Increasing then decreasing heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.
- Pale skin.
- Altered level of consciousness.
- Shock symptoms.
What are the corrective measures for a circulatory emergency?
- Control bleeding.
- Calm and reassure.
- Supply oxygen.
- Treat for shock.
What are the signs and symptoms of a muscloskeletal emergency?
- Deformity.
- Asymmetry.
- Inflammation.
- Lost or reduced distal circulation.
- Sounds.
- Neurological symptoms.
What are the corrective measures for a muscloskeletal emergency?
- Expose and evaluate injured site.
- Immobilize the injured limb.
- Apply ice.
- Treat for shock.
What are the signs and symptoms of a neurological emergency?
- Concussion signs and symptoms.
- Altered breathing or cardiac function.
- Altered sensations.
What are the corrective measures for a neurological emergency?
- Consider C-spine stabilization.
- Activate EMS.
- Monitor ABC’s.
What are the signs and symptoms of a endocrine emergency?
Hypoglycemia: pale moist skin, full rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, shallow breathing, extreme hunger.
Hyperglycemia: dry warm skin, rapid weak pulse, sweat fruity breath, restless, hyperventilating, unresponsive (late stages)
What are the corrective measures for a endocrine emergency?
- If uncertain of what is happening give a sugar substance.
- If hyperglycaemic or if it is the first incidence activate EMS.
What are the signs and symptoms of a digestive emergency?
- Severe abdominal pain.
- Cramping.
- Found in the fetal position (most comfortable)
What are the corrective measures for a digestive emergency?
- Rest calm and reassure the patient.
- Referral to medical attention.
What are the signs and symptoms of a genitourinary emergency?
- Low back or lower abdominal pain.
- Painful micturation.
- Hematuria.
- Shock symptoms.
What are the corrective measures for a genitourinary emergency?
- Rest calm and reassure the patient.
- Referral to medical attention.
What are the universal precautions in emergency first aid?
- Disease transmission relating to a first responder is a two way process.
- Pathogen is a disease producing organism that enter the body.
- Infectious diseases are typically borne by one of six types of pathogens. (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rickets and parasites)
- For a disease to be transmitted certain criteria must be met.
What four criteria must be met for a disease to be transmitted?
- A pathogen must be present.
- There must be sufficient quantity of the pathogen.
- A person must be vulnerable to the specific disease.
- A correct entry site for the specific pathogen.
What ways can a pathogen enter the body?
- Direct contact: touching fluids from an infected person.
- Indirect contact: touching objects, clothing, etc that have become contaminated with blood or other fluids.
- Airborne: inhaling air droplets from an infected source.
- Vector borne: ticks, animal and insect bites.
How are certain diseases transmitted?
- Herpes: direct contact.
- Meningitis: airborne, direct and indirect contact.
- Tuberculosis: airborne, direct and indirect contact.
- Hepatitis: direct and indirect contact.
- HIV/AIDS: direct and indirect contact.
What are the criteria for universal precautions?
- Personal protective equipment: gloves, masks, etc.
- Personal Hygiene practices: hand washing.
- Engineering controls: removal of hazard from the environment.
- Work practice controls: safe practices for cleaning up.
