Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Higher Biology > Human Cells Unit 1 KA 3 > Flashcards

Human Cells Unit 1 KA 3 Flashcards

Gene Expression

1
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Gene expression?

A

Gene expression is the process where specific genes are activated to produce a required protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many Genes in a cell are actually expressed?

A

Only a fraction of the genes in a cell are actually expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two stages make up the process of Gene expression?

A

1) Transcription
2) Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1

What is Transcription?

A

Transcription is the copying of DNA code into mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does Transcription occur?

A

Transcription of DNA into mRNA happens in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Introns?

A

Introns are non-coding regions of genes

They are REMOVED

(Introns arent in -> Out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Exons?

A

Exons are coding regions of genes

Spliced together to form mature transcript

(Exons are excellent -> In)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are Introns found?

A

Introns are found between Exons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why might Introns be spliced differently?

A

Introns may be spliced differently in different tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can different proteins be expressed from one gene?

A

Different proteins can be expressed from one gene as a result of altrernative RNA splicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can different mature mRNA transcripts be produced from the same primary transcript?

A

Different mature mRNA transcripts can be produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the mature transcript of mRNA move?

A

The mature transcript of mRNA moves from the nucleus to a ribosome

(Through the cytoplasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2

What is Translation?

A

Translation is when the code is used to make a protein using tRNA to carry amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What chemical is involved in Gene expression?

A

The chemical RNA is involved in gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The order of ____ on DNA determines the sequence of ____ ____ that are joined together to produce a ____

(Fill in the blanks)

A

The order of bases on DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that are joined together to produce a protein

17
Q

What does the sequence of Amino acids determine?

A

The sequence of amino acids determines the
structure, shape and function of the protein produced

18
Q

How many strands of nucleotides are in RNA?

A

There are one strand of nucleotides in RNA

(RNA is single stranded)

19
Q

What is the purpose of RNA?

A

The purpose of RNA is to provide a link between DNA and protein synthesis

20
Q

What does an RNA nucleotide contain? (3)

A

1) Ribose sugar
2) Phosphate
3) Base

21
Q

What four bases are found in an RNA nucleotide?

A

1) Adenine
2) Uracil
3) Cytosine
4) Guanine

22
Q

What does mRNA do?

(messenger RNA)

A

mRNA carries a copy of DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome

23
Q

Where is mRNA found?

A

mRNA is found the nucleus and the cytoplasm

24
Q

What is each triplet of bases on mRNA called?

A

Each triplet of bases on mRNA is called a codon

25
Q

What is a Codon made up of?

A

A codon is made up of introns and exons

(Exons spliced to form mature mRNA)

26
Q

What does each Codon do?

A

Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

27
Q

Where is mRNA translated into proteins? by what?

A

mRNA is translated into proteins by ribosmomes in the cytoplasm

28
Q

What does rRNA do?

(ribosomal RNA)

A

rRNA and proteins form a ribosome

29
Q

Where is rRNA found?

A

rRNA is found in the ribosome

30
Q

What does tRNA do?

(transfer RNA)

A

tRNA carries a specific amino acid

31
Q

Where is tRNA found?

A

tRNA is found in the cytoplasm

32
Q

Why is tRNA folded?

A

tRNA is folded due to complemetary base pairing

33
Q

What is each triplet of bases on tRNA called?

A

Each triplet of bases on tRNA is called an anti-codon

34
Q

What does each Anti-codon do?

A

Each anti-codon binds to a specifc mRNA codon

35
Q

Why does tRNA have attachment sites?

A

tRNA has attachment sites to pick up amino acids

36
Q

What is on the two ends of tRNA?

A

1) The anti-codon (binds to mRNA codon)
2) Attachment site (for specific amino acid)

37
Q

What is an mRNA codon complementary to?

A

An mRNA codon is complementary to the triplet of bases on the original DNA strand

38
Q

What is a tRNA anti-codon complementary to?

A

A tRNA anti-codon is complementary to a mRNA codom

39
Q

Where is RNA found?

A

RNA is found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm

(DNA is only found in the nucleus)

Higher Biology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions