Human: Changing Urban Environment Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define urbanisation.
A process where an increasing proportion of the population move to towns and cities.
What are the two main causes of urbanisation?
- Rural to urban migration
2. Natural increase
Explain the term of rural to urban migration and the push-pull factors.
Rural to urban migration is when people from villages/ the countryside move to towns and cities. This could be due to several reasons such as better living standards and job opportunities in towns. Other reasons may be because of reduction of crop yields due to droughts.
How does natural increase lead to urbanisation?
Most people who migrate to urban areas are usually young resulting in a high natural increase. The high numbers of young people leads to high levels of births.
In what year did over half the worlds population live in cities/towns?
2008.
In 1995 there were 732 million urban dwellers (29% of worlds population). How many will there be by 2015?
There will be 3.8billion people living in cities/towns by 2015, making up 53% of the world population.
Why did rural to urban migration occur in the 19th century?
Mechanisation of farming.
What are the urban issues of urbanisation?
- Segregation
- Housing
- Overcrowding
- Congestion
- Air/noise pollution
What are the social factors behind urbanisation?
- Better education in cities
- Better infrastructure
- More shopping
- Better healthcare
- Isolation
What are the environmental factors for urbanisation?
- Droughts lead to water shortages (push)
- Better communications (pull)
- More sites available for development
What are the economic reasons behind urbanisation?
- Better wages
- More job opportunities
- Mechanisation of farming
- Cheaper transport
Why do inner city areas decline?
- Poverty
- Poor jobs
- Poor education
- Pollution
- Poor housing
- Crime
Summarise an inner city area that has been improved.
An inner city area that I have studied in Hulme, Manchester. This was improved in the 1990s and it’s rejuvenation was part of the regeneration strategy. The rejuvenation took place in many forms. For example it was decided to…
Inner City Decline:
Olympic Park, Stratford, London
- ODA spent £1.3 billion regenerating deprived area of Surrounding the Olympic park. Much of building land was reclaimed.
- Developed area is now called The International Quarter.
- Stratford Station (received £100 billion investments) and fast efficient railway.
- 15,000 new jobs
- 350 homes
- Parks, play areas and open spaces
- Sustainable community
Define sustainable community.
Where the environment, economy and community are all developed to improve the whole area.
What does the Burgess Model help us to understand?
The different parts of a city and how cities grow from the centre.
What is Zone A? What is the use for land in Zone A of the Burgess Model? (Use a named case study)
- Central Business District
- Broadmead, Bristol
Land use: - shops
- office headquarters
- cinemas, clubs and restaurants
- multi storey car parks
What is Zone B? What is the land use in Zone B? (Use a named case study)
- Inner City
- Stokes Croft, Bristol
Land use: - small shops (convenience stores)
- small cafes and restaurants
- housing (terraced)
- brownfield sites and abandoned buildings
What is Zone C? What is the land use in Zone C? (Use a named case study)
- Suburbs
- Westbury On Trym
Land use: - housing (detached and semi-detached)
-convenience store
-parks and gardens
What is Zone D? What is the land in Zone D Used for? (Use case studies)
- Rural Urban Fringe
- Abbots Leigh
Land Use: - woodland and fields
- large parks
-small villages - housing (large detached housing)
Define segregation.
When similarly groups of cultural/ ethnic groups choose to live away from people of other cultures/ ethnicities
Why does segregation occur?
- Language barriers
- Access to places of worship
- Safety in numbers
How has segregation been tackled in Leeds?
In Leeds they have listened to ethnic communities. They have improved English language taught in schools where English was the second language. They also offer free access to community facilities to ethnic members to places such as the gym.
