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Intro to human communication > Human communication midterm 1 > Flashcards

Human communication midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do human communicate?

A

To meet needs. (Physical, safety, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization)

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2
Q

T or F- The likelihood of meeting our needs depends on our ability to participate effectively in a very diverse social world

A

True

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3
Q

Interpersonal communications

A

building personal knowledge of one another and creating shared meanings

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4
Q

Content meaning

A

What you say
Inside jokes, shared memories

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5
Q

Relationship meaning

A

How you say it(subtext)
Message behind the statement

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6
Q

It

A

Impersonal
(Ticket taker, airline pilot)

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7
Q

You

A

Engaging with others without a personal connection (salesperson,advisor)

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8
Q

Thou

A

Engaging others with intimate personal connection

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9
Q

3 major communication models

A

Linear, Interactive, transactional

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10
Q

Linear model

A

One-way communication from one person to another

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11
Q

Noise

A

Anything that distorts communication and makes it harder for people to understand one another

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12
Q

Interactive model

A

Communication is a process that includes feedback from the listener (response to the message)

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13
Q

Environment

A

Context for information based on the situation

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14
Q

Transactional model

A

Communication is a dynamic process where participants assume multiple roles (changes over time)

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15
Q

T or F- Its possible to not communicate

A

False- everything we do or don’t do expresses/communicates something

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16
Q

T or F- communication is reversable

A

False- It is impossible to completely delete a message from memory

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17
Q

T or F- communication involves ethical choices

A

True-what we say affects other people

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18
Q

T or F- People construct symbols

A

True- Words and symbols only have meanings because we attach it to them

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19
Q

Metacommunication

A

Communication about communication

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20
Q

T or F- communication develops and sustains relationships

A

True- spending time and expressing self to another person is how we shift from strangers to community

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21
Q

T or F- you must be born with communication skills to have them

A

False- like any skill, you can improve with practice

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22
Q

Self

A

A multidimensional process of internalizing and acting from social perspectives (how we see ourselves depends on the culture in which we live

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23
Q

Particular others

A

Specific people who are significant to us(family, friends)

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24
Q

Direct definition

A

Communication that explicitly tells us how others see us by labeling us and our behaviors ( you are funny)

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25
Q

Reflected appraisal

A

Our reflection of how others view us (using other people as a mirror)

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26
Q

Social comparison

A

judgements of our own talents, abilities, and qualities based on what other people can do

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27
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Internalizing others expectations or judgements about us and then behaving in ways that are consistent to those beliefs

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28
Q

Identity scripts

A

Social expectations regarding how members of a particular group behave and communicate

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29
Q

4 attachment styles

A

Secure: loving attentive caregiver
Dismissive: disinterested/ unavailable caregiver
Anxious/ambivalent: inconsistent unpredictable caregiver
Fearful: negative and rejecting caregiver

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30
Q

Generalized other

A

An individuals impression of societal norms and expectations(culture, race, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status)

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31
Q

The self is…

A

Multidimensional, a process, arises in communication via socially constructed views

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32
Q

Face

A

The impression of self we want others to have of us

33
Q

Impression management

A

How we persuade others to see us as we want to be seen

34
Q

Perception

A

Creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

35
Q

Selection

A

Ehat information you choose to pay attention to

36
Q

Organization

A

How you choose to arrange information
Can be based on experience, culture, education, etc..

37
Q

Organizaion- prototype

A

The most representative example of a category

38
Q

Organization- stereotype

A

An over-generalized belief about a particular category of people or situation

39
Q

Organization- script

A

A guide for actions in particular situations

40
Q

Organization- personal construct

A

Developing individualized views about how the world works

41
Q

Interpretation

A

Subjective process of explaining out perceptions in ways that make sense to us

42
Q

Self serving bias

A

Framing findings around your own interests “that dog bit me because it hates handsome people”

43
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to under-emphasize situational factors while over-emphasizing personality based factors for a person’s behavior

44
Q

Perception

A

Creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

44
Q

Objectivity

A

Refusing to allow individual bias to influence what is reported and how it is reported

45
Q

Pragmatism

A

Truth is filtered through an individuals perceptions

46
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

Collection of unspoken and unconscious assumptions an individual uses when forming impressions on new information

47
Q

Language is symbolic. Symbols:

A

Verbal or visual representations of objects

48
Q

Symbols: Arbitrary

A

Words are merely symbols that have no real representation with what they represent

49
Q

Symbols: Ambiguous

A

The meaning of words can change or evolve

50
Q

Symbols: abstract

A

Words can range in specificity (thing-> dog)

51
Q

4 principles of verbal communication

A
  1. Language and culture reflect each other
  2. Meanings of language are subjective
    3.language is rule guided
  3. punctuation shapes meaning
52
Q

How do symbols affect everyday life? (5)

A

1-Language defines phenomena
2-language evaluates
3-language organizes perceptions
4-language allows hypothetical thought
5- language allows self-reflection

53
Q

Negative evaluations (3)

A

1- Loaded language
2- Totalizing
3- Hate speech

54
Q

Speech community

A

Group of people who share norms about how to use language and what purposes it serves. Shared communal membership and shared linguistic communication

55
Q

Improving as a communicator(4)

A

1.Engage in dual perspective
2.Own your feelings and thoughts
3.Respect what others say about their feelings and thoughts
4.Strive for accuracy and clarity

56
Q

Non verbal communication

A

All aspects of communication other than words (gestures, body language, appearance, facial expressions)

57
Q

T or F- Nonverbal communication is symbolic

A

True- meaning is created and can carry various interpretations

58
Q

T or F- Nonverbal communication is not rule guided

A

False- social groups have understood, agreed upon standards

59
Q

T or F- Nonverbal communication can be intentional and unintentional

A

True- unconscious communication

60
Q

T or F- Nonverbal communication had nothing to do with culture

A

False- it reflects culture

61
Q

T or F- Nonverbal communication engages multiple sense

A

True- it is multichanneled

62
Q

How Nonverbal helps us communicat(4)

A

1- Replace
2- Regulate
3- Relate
4- Reflect

63
Q

Kinesics

A

Body position and body motions(includes facial actions)

64
Q

Haptics

A

Use of touch (handshake, hug)

65
Q

Physical appearence

A

How we look

66
Q

Artifacts

A

Personal objects we use to announce our identity and heritage ( avatar, profile pics, work clothes)

67
Q

Environmental factors

A

Elements of setting that affect how we feel and act(colors, room design, temperature, sounds, smells, lighting)

68
Q

Proximity and personal space

A

Social space and how we use it

69
Q

Chronemics

A

How we perceive and use time

70
Q

Paralanguage

A

Communication that is vocal but doesn’t use words (sighs, gasps)

71
Q

Silence

A

Can be used for a variety of reasons and meanings

72
Q

What is the difference between hearing and listening?

A

Hearing= physiological ability to perceive sound
Listening= absorb sound with active, thoughtful attention

73
Q

Listening process (6)

A
  1. Mindfulness
    2.physially receiving message
  2. Selecting and organizing material
  3. Interpreting communication
    5.Responding
  4. Remembering
74
Q

Limitations to hearing(3)

A

Message overload, message complexity, noise,

75
Q

Internal Obstacles to mindful listening

A

Preoccupation, prejudgement, reacting to emotionally loaded languages,
Lack of effort, failure to adapt listening styles

76
Q

Forms of non listening

A

Pseudo-listening, monopolizing, selective listening, defensive listening, ambushing, literal listening

77
Q

Why do we listen?

A

Pleasure, information, support others,

78
Q
A

Intro to human communication (1 decks)

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