Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
(232 cards)
What are the stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development relevant to adulthood?
- Young Adulthood (Intimacy vs. Isolation): Focus on forming meaningful relationships and connections. 2. Middle Adulthood (Generativity vs. Stagnation): Emphasis on contributing to society and supporting future generations. 3. Older Adulthood (Integrity vs. Despair): Reflecting on life and accepting its outcomes.
How does the social learning theory explain behavior?
Behavior is learned through observation, imitation, and modeling, with reinforcement and punishment influencing the likelihood of repeating behaviors.
What is the significance of cultural competence in clinical practice?
Cultural competence ensures that services respect and integrate the client’s cultural background, values, and beliefs, fostering trust and effective therapeutic outcomes.
What are protective factors, and how do they support resilience?
Protective factors are characteristics or conditions (e.g., strong social support, positive coping strategies) that mitigate risks and promote resilience in the face of adversity.
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
It suggests that individuals must meet basic needs (e.g., physiological and safety) before pursuing higher-level needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
What is the role of attachment theory in understanding behavior?
It posits that early bonds with caregivers influence emotional regulation, relationships, and behavior across the lifespan.
What are the stages of grief according to Kübler-Ross?
- Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
What is intersectionality, and how does it impact identity and behavior?
It examines how overlapping social identities (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) influence experiences of privilege or oppression, shaping individual behavior and systemic interactions.
How does neuroplasticity contribute to recovery and learning?
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize by forming new neural connections, facilitating recovery from trauma and supporting lifelong learning.
What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important in clinical practice?
It integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s behavior and challenges.
How does racial identity development differ across lifespan stages?
Racial identity evolves through self-awareness, social interactions, and cultural context, often shifting from a focus on external validation to internalized pride and acceptance.
What is acculturation, and how does it affect individuals?
Acculturation is the process of adapting to a new culture while maintaining aspects of one’s original culture, often leading to integration, assimilation, separation, or marginalization.
What is the role of self-efficacy in behavior change?
Self-efficacy, or belief in one’s ability to succeed, motivates individuals to take action, persist through challenges, and achieve goals.
How does trauma influence brain development in children?
Chronic trauma disrupts neural development, affecting the amygdala (fear response), hippocampus (memory), and prefrontal cortex (decision-making and regulation).
What are the primary components of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory?
- Microsystem: Immediate environments (family, peers). 2. Mesosystem: Interactions between microsystems (e.g., family-school connection). 3. Exosystem: External settings influencing the individual (e.g., parent’s workplace). 4. Macrosystem: Cultural and societal norms. 5. Chronosystem: Changes over time, including life transitions and historical events.
What are the key differences between implicit and explicit biases?
Implicit bias: Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes influencing behavior. Explicit bias: Conscious beliefs and attitudes that are intentionally expressed.
How does Kohlberg’s theory of moral development explain ethical decision-making?
- Preconventional Level: Based on rewards and punishments. 2. Conventional Level: Upholding laws and social rules. 3. Postconventional Level: Guided by universal ethical principles and justice.
What is the significance of self-concept in human development?
Self-concept reflects how individuals perceive themselves, shaping confidence, motivation, and interactions with others.
How does Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory explain learning?
Learning is a social process where knowledge is constructed through interaction, guided by cultural tools and scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
What is the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on behavior?
ACEs increase the risk of mental health issues, substance use, and chronic physical conditions due to stress-related physiological changes.
What is the difference between primary and secondary emotions?
Primary emotions: Universal and instinctive (e.g., happiness, fear). Secondary emotions: Complex and socially influenced (e.g., guilt, pride).
What is the role of intersectionality in understanding systemic oppression?
It examines how overlapping identities (e.g., race, gender, class) shape unique experiences of privilege or marginalization.
What is the role of neurodiversity in clinical social work?
Neurodiversity emphasizes the value of neurological differences (e.g., autism, ADHD) and supports inclusive practices tailored to individual needs.
How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relate to clinical practice?
Unmet basic needs (e.g., safety, physiological) must be addressed before clients can focus on higher-level growth, such as self-actualization.