Human Digestive system

Question 1

what is alimentary canal?

Answer 1

LOng tube
which connects external environment
can fulfill steps of holozoic mode of nutrition

Question 2

3 associated glands of human digestive system.

Answer 2

1. Salivary glands
2. pancreas
3. liver

Question 3

Parts of the human digestive system

Answer 3

1. Oral cavity
2. Pharynx
3. esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine
7. Rectum
8. Anus

Question 4

What do oral cavity has?

Answer 4

1. Teeth
2. toungue
3. salivary glands

Question 5

What are carried out inn the oral cavity?
(steps of holozoic nutrition)

Answer 5

1. Ingestion
2. Initial steps of digestion

Question 6

What type of digestion are carried out in the mouth?

Answer 6

MEchanical and chemical.

Question 7

What do palate does?

Answer 7

Seperates Oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Question 8

ANterior and posterior parts of palate are?

Answer 8

Anterior - bony
posterior - cartilaginous

Question 9

from which tissue oral cavity is lined by?

Answer 9

NOn- keratinized stratified squamous

Question 10

What are the 4 types of teeth in mouth

Answer 10

1. molar
2. premolar
3. canine
4. incisors

Question 11

what is done by different shaped teeth?

Answer 11

food is
cut
mashed & ground

Makes easier to swallow and increase surface area for chemical digestion

Question 12

Through what saliva is released in to the mouth from salivary glands?

Answer 12

through ducts

Question 13

when saliva is released in to the oral cavity?

Answer 13

nerveous reflex due entering of food into the mouth

Question 14

what are the other stimuli for salivation before food is ingested?

Answer 14

• sight
• odour

Question 15

What are the 5 components in saliva?

Answer 15

1. water
2. amylase
3. mucus
4. buffers
5. antimicrobial proteins

Question 16

in the viscous mixture of mucus what are present 3.

Answer 16

1. salts
2. cells
3. slippery gylcoprotein - mucin

Question 17

into what and what polysacharides are digested into by salivary amylase?

Answer 17

into
smaller polysaccharides
disacharides (maltose)

Question 18

What are the 3 function of water in saliva?

Answer 18

1. Liquefy food
2. Provide watery medium for chemical digestion
3. aids in taste reception

Question 19

Lubrication of food bymucus makes it easier for what?

Answer 19

for swallowing

Question 20

What are the other functions of mucus other than lubricating food?

Answer 20

Clean the mouth
Protects the lining of mouth from abrasion

Question 21

State 2 antimicrobial proteins in saliva

Answer 21

1. immunoglobin
2. lysozymes

Protects against bacteria that enter the mouth

Question 22

How buffers prevent tooth decaying?

Answer 22

By neutralizing acids.

Question 23

Toungue is made of which muscles?

Answer 23

skeletal muscles

Question 24

Toungue hleps to mix what?

Answer 24

Helps to mix food with saliva

Question 25

Aftr mixing food with saliva what is formed

Answer 25

makes food bolus which makes ti easier for swallowing.

Question 26

And helps to push the food bolus into where?

Answer 26

* Posterior part of the oral cavity * and into the pharynx

Question 27

What is pharynx ?

Answer 27

a common passage of digestuve and respiratoy tract.

Question 28

esophagus connects which parts of the gi tract.

Answer 28

pharynx and the stomach

Question 29

in which cavity esophagus is found?

Answer 29

in thoracic cavity

Question 30

wall of esophagus has which muscles?

Answer 30

both skeletal and smooth muscles

Question 31

skeletal muscles in the uppermost region of the esophagus function in what?

Answer 31

sawllowing

Question 32

# Liver Liver is largest what in the body?

Answer 32

Largest gland in the body

Question 33

What is the nature of upper and anterior surface of the liver?

Answer 33

1. Smooth 2. convex

Question 34

What is the nature of posterior surface of the liver?

Answer 34

irregular in outline

Question 35

LIver contains how many lobes?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

Each liver lobe is made of what?

Answer 36

From liver lobules

Question 37

Describe liver lobules.

Answer 37

* tiny heaxagonal shaped * functional unit

Question 38

from which cells liver lobules are made of?

Answer 38

from cuboidal cells called **Hepatocytes**

Question 39

How hepatocytes are arranged in liver lobules?

Answer 39

arranged in **pairs of coloumns ** **radiating from a central vein**.

Question 40

between coloumn of liver cells what runs?

Answer 40

Bile canaliculi.

Question 41

Canaliculi join upto form what?

Answer 41

Large bile canals

Question 42

whare sinusoids are located?

Answer 42

Between two pairs of coloumn of liver cells

Question 43

what are sinusoids?

Answer 43

Blood vessels with incomplete walls

Question 44

what contains in the mixture of blood that flows in sinusoids?

Answer 44

Mixture of blood from, tiny branches of, * hepatic artey * hepatic portal vein

Question 45

arrangement of sinusoids allows what?

Answer 45

this allows **venous blood** to **mix** with **arterial blood** and** come into close contact with liver cells**

Question 46

where kupffer cells are present? | another name?

Answer 46

In the linig of sinusoid. | Hepatic macrophages

Question 47

blood drains from where to where thorugh sinusoids.

Answer 47

from tiny branches hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein to **central vein **

Question 48

central veins of all liver lobule join upto form what?

Answer 48

**Hepatic Vein**

Question 49

In the corner of the hexagonal liver lobule what vessels are present? 3

Answer 49

* Branch of, 1. Hepatic artery 2. Heaptic portal vein * 3. Intralobular bile duct