Human Diseases, ch-1-4 (atm)

Question 1

reservoir

Answer 1

the source of an infection agent

Question 2

endemic

Answer 2

disease that is always presents at low levels in a population

Question 3

epidemic

Answer 3

occurrence of a disease in unusually large numbers in population

Question 4

pandemic

Answer 4

epidemic that was spread to include several large areas of the world

Question 5

horizontal transmission

Answer 5

route by infectious disease is transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 6

parenteral route

Answer 6

non-oral drug being taken

Question 7

nosocomial infection

Answer 7

The spread of an infectious agent from one person or group to another, usually through contact with contaminated materials

Question 8

norma flora

Answer 8

helps prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganisms and by producing vitamins

Question 9

incidence of disease

Answer 9

the number of new cases of a disease in a population

Question 10

prevalence

Answer 10

the number if existing cases if a disease

Question 11

fomites

Answer 11

contaminated inanimate object

Question 12

lopus

Answer 12

a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body

Question 13

What are the 4 types of lupus?

Answer 13

systemic, cutaneous, drug-induced, neonatal

Question 14

specific immunity

Answer 14

responds to antigens of specific pathogens

Question 15

pathogens

Answer 15

microorganisms that causes diseases

Question 16

humoral immunity

Answer 16

is due to the action of antibodies

Question 17

T-cells

Answer 17

are responsible for cell-mediated immunity

Question 18

T and B cells are originated where?

Answer 18

In the red bone marrow

Question 19

nonspecific immunity

Answer 19

is always prepared to defend the body against disease

Question 20

immunity

Answer 20

the body’s ability to resist infectious diseases

Question 21

Treatments for diseases are…

Answer 21

palliative treatments, pharmacologic, surgical, psychiatric/ psychological

Question 22

What are 5 risk factors?

Answer 22

environmental, chemical, physiological, psychological, genetic

Question 23

The chief causes of disease are?

Answer 23

hereditary, congenital, defernerative, inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic, traumatic, nutritional

Question 24

chief cause (definition) #1- Hereditary

Answer 24

abnormality in an persons genes or chromosomes

Question 25

chief cause (definition) #2- Congenital

Answer 25

disease that existed at or date from birth

Question 26

chief cause (definition) #3-Degenerative

Answer 26

function or structure of the effected tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time

Question 27

chief cause (definition) #4- inflammatory

Answer 27

autoimmune and allergic

Question 28

chief cause (definition) #5- Neoplastic

Answer 28

result from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumors

Question 29

chief cause (definition) #6- Metabolic

Answer 29

disruption of normal metabolism

Question 30

chief cause (definition) #7- Traumatic

Answer 30

physical or chemical injury

Question 31

chief cause (definition) #8- Nutritional

Answer 31

over-or underconsumption of nutrients

Question 32

epidemiology

Answer 32

the study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control of disease

Question 33

etiology

Answer 33

an important part of any disease

Question 34

pathogenesis

Answer 34

describes how the cause of disease leads to anatomical and physiological changes in the body

Question 35

idiopathic

Answer 35

if the disease is not known

Question 36

remission

Answer 36

the diseases signs, symptoms, and subside disappear

Question 37

exacerbation

Answer 37

the diseases sign, symptoms, and subsides become more severe

Question 38

The physical exam procedures:

Answer 38

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, vital signs

Question 39

electrocardiography

Answer 39

reads the hearts electrical impulses

Question 40

radiography

Answer 40

uses x-rays to visualize internal structure

Question 41

computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer 41

uses computers and x-rays to create three- dimensional images of internal structures

Question 42

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 42

analyzes tissue responses to a strong magnetic field to create images of internal organs

Question 43

ultrasound

Answer 43

analyzes the interaction of low-frequency sound waves with tissue to create moving images of internal organs

Question 44

nuclear medicine

Answer 44

uses radioactive materials to create contrast on the body and help form images for the structure and function of organs

Question 45

prognosis

Answer 45

the diseases outcome or predicted course

Question 46

acute disease

Answer 46

a sudden onset and short duration

Question 47

chronic disease

Answer 47

a slower, less severe onset and a long duration of months or years

Question 48

IgG

Answer 48

principal component of the primary and secondary response to a foreign substance ( activates complement)

Question 49

IgM

Answer 49

first antibody produced in the primary response to the antigen (activates compliment)

Question 50

IgA

Answer 50

protects mucosal surfaces by interfering with the ability of pathogens to adhere cells

Question 51

IgE

Answer 51

stimulates releases of histamine and other chemicals that mediate inflammation and allergic responses

Question 52

IgD

Answer 52

activates B cells

Question 53

Scleroderma

Answer 53

a chronic autoimmune disease of the connected tissues

Question 54

Allergy/ Hypersensitivity

Answer 54

a extreme immune response to harmless antigens

Question 55

cocci

Answer 55

round shaped bacteria

Question 56

latent infection

Answer 56

where the viruses insert themselves in the cell

Question 57

bacilli

Answer 57

rod shaped cells

Question 58

spirilla

Answer 58

spiral shaped cells

Question 59

spirochetes

Answer 59

corkscrew shaped cell

Question 60

vibrios

Answer 60

comma shaped cells

Question 61

gram stain

Answer 61

a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection

Question 62

endotoxin

Answer 62

potent toxins

Question 63

adeno-

Answer 63

gland

Question 64

angio-

Answer 64

vessels

Question 65

chondro-

Answer 65

cartilage

Question 66

fibro-

Answer 66

fibrous tissue

Question 67

hemangio-

Answer 67

blood vessels

Question 68

lyphangio-

Answer 68

lymph vessels

Question 69

lipo-

Answer 69

fat

Question 70

myo-

Answer 70

muscles

Question 71

neuro-

Answer 71

nerve

Question 72

osteo-

Answer 72

bone