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11 Life Science > Human Endocrine System > Flashcards

Human Endocrine System Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What does the system work with?

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What do the two systems enable?

A

Animals to respond to external changes and to control conditions inside their body

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3
Q

What is maintained from the systems?

A

Stability within the organism for protection

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4
Q

How does the nervous system respond?

A
  • Rapid response to stimuli
  • Use of electrical impulses + neurotransmitters
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5
Q

How does the endocrine system respond?

A
  • Slower response - long lived effect
  • Glands produce and release specific hormones in bloodstream
  • Effecter organ targeted
  • Glands = over or under stimulated
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6
Q

Define endocrine system

A

Responsible for chemical coordination and regulation of various activities in the body

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7
Q

What is chemical coordination?

A

Slow process of communicating information throughout the body by chemicals (hormones)

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8
Q

What do endocrine glands secrete?

A

Variety of hormones by special glands or tissue

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9
Q

Define hormone

A

Organic chemical substance, usually a protein sometimes steroid, secreted by endocrine gland and carried in bloodstream to target organ, which regulates metabolic activities

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10
Q

Where is the hypothalamus?

A

Brain, situated above pituitary gland

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11
Q

Osmolarity

A

Low water levels

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12
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

Attached to hypothalamus at base brain by short stalk

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13
Q

Another name for pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

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14
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

What is the thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Stimulate thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

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16
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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17
Q

What does the follicle stimulating hormone do for women?

A

Stimulate oogenesis in ovary

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18
Q

What does the follicle stimulating hormone do for men?

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis in testes

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19
Q

LH

A

Luteinising hormone

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20
Q

Function of luteinising hormone

A

Stimulates ovulation from ovary and formation corpus luteum

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21
Q

Function of prolactin

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A

Production of milk in female mammary gland
Responsible for maternal instinct

22
Q

ACTH

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A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

23
Q

Function of adrenocorticotropic hormone

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A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisone and aldosterone

24
Q

ICSH

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A

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

25
Function of interstitial cell stimulating hormone
Stimulates testes to secrete testosterone
26
GH
Growth hormone
27
STH
Somatrophic hormone
28
Function of growth hormone
Promotes skeletal and muscular growth. Stimulates synthesis of proteins
29
Growth hormones
1. Gigantism 2. Pituitary dwarfism 3. Acromegaly
30
Where is the thyroid gland situated?
Two lobes of butterfly shaped on either side of trachea below larynx in front of neck
31
Basal metabolic rate
Amount of energy the body needs to keep functioning while at rest
32
Hypothyroidism
1. Myxoedema 2. Cretinism
33
Hyperthyroidism
Goitre
34
Extracellular fluids
Tissue fluid and blood
35
Negative feedback
A change from the set point of any factor is corrected by bringing about a change in opposite direction
36
Receptor
Detect a change and sends info to brain
37
Control centre
Processes information and activates corrective mechanisms and sends to effector
38
Effector
Responds and corrects the change
39
How is the pancreas exocrine?
Pancreatic juice along pancreatic duct into duodenum which helps chemical digestion
40
How is the pancreas endocrine?
Islets of Langerhans - pass directly in blood
41
Alpha cells
Glucagon
42
Beta cells
Insulin
43
Adrenal gland
Pyramid shape each end kidney
44
What is each adrenal gland made of?
Inner medulla and outer cortex
45
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone Cortisol
46
What is aldosterone?
Cause increased reabsorption of sodium ions from filtrate in nephrons and movement of potassium in filtrate
47
What does aldosterone help regulate?
Electrolytic levels of body fluids - osmoregulation
48
What is cortisol?
Increase ability to resist stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic
49
Adrenal medulla
Adrenalin
50

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