Human Excretory System

Question 1

What does the ES consist of in humans?

Answer 1

A pair of kidneys
A pair of ureters
A urinary bladder
A urethra

Question 2

Colour of kidneys

Answer 2

Reddish brown

Question 3

Shape of kidneys

Answer 3

Bean shaped structures

Question 4

Location of kidneys

Answer 4

Between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cabity

Question 5

Dimensions of kidneys
Average weight of a kidney

Answer 5

Each kidney of an adult human measures:
10-12 cm in length
5-7 cm in width
2-3 cm in thickness

120-170g

Question 6

Hilum:
Location
Function

Answer 6

Towards the centre of the inner CONCAVE surface of the kidney is a notch called hilum, through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter

Question 7

Renal pelvis:
Location
Shape
Projections

Answer 7

Inner to the hilum
Broad funnel shaped space
Projections called calyces

Question 8

Outer layer of kidney

Answer 8

Tough capsule

Question 9

How many zones are present inside the kidney?
Name them

Answer 9

Two zones
Outer cortex, inner medulla

Question 10

Describe medulla

Answer 10

Inner layer
Divided into a few conical masses (medullary pyramids)
Medullary pyramids project into the calyces

Question 11

Cortex location

Answer 11

The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called Columns of Bertini

Question 12

Functional unit of kidney
How many units contained in 1 kidney

Answer 12

Complex tubular structures called nephrons
Nearly one million

Question 13

How many parts are in a nephron?
Name them

Answer 13

Two
Glomerulus, renal tubule

Question 14

What kind of structure is the glomerulus?
What is it formed by?
How is blood carried away?

Answer 14

Tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole - a fine branch of teh renal artery.
Blood from the glomerulus is carred away by an efferent arteriole.

Question 15

The beginning structure of the renal tubule
Describe the structure
What does it enclose

Answer 15

Bowman’s capsule
double walled cup like structure
Bowman’s capsule encloses glomerulus

Question 16

Malphian body - alternative name?
Composed of?

Answer 16

Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule

Question 17

Part of the tubule after the renal corpuscle

Answer 17

Proximal convoluted tubule
A highly coiled network

Question 18

What comes after the PCT?
Shape?
Conponents?

Answer 18

Henle’s loop
Hairpin shaped
Descending and ascending limb

Question 19

Which limb of Henle’s loop is continued as what?

Answer 19

Ascending limb
Highly coiled tubular region called DCT

Question 20

Where do the DCTs open?
What finally happens to many of the structures where the DCT opens

Answer 20

Straight tube called collecting duct, many of which converge and open into the renal pelvis through medullary pyramids in the calyces.

Question 21

Which structures are situated in the cortex of the kidney?

Answer 21

Malpighian corpuscle
PCT
DCT

Question 22

Which structure is in the medulla pf the kidney?

Answer 22

The Loop of Henle dips into the medulla

Question 23

What are cortical nephrons?

Answer 23

In a majority of nephrons, the Loop of Henle is too short and extends only very little into the medulla.

Question 24

What are juxta medullary nephrons?

Answer 24

In soem nephrons, the Loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla.

Question 25

Where doe the efferent arteriole emerge from? What happens to it?

Answer 25

Glomerulus Forms a fine capillary network around the renal tubule called the peritubular capillaries

Question 26

Vasa recta Formed by? Shape? Presence in cortical nephrons?

Answer 26

Minute vessel of the capillary network of the rena tubule that runs parallel to the Henle’s loop U shaped Absent or highly reduced