Human Factors Flashcards
(40 cards)
How would you describe an organization that has a positive safety culture?
An organization that has a set of shared beliefs and attitudes that promote safety through communication, training, and other actions within all levels of the workforce.
What are four areas that are assessed in an organization when evaluation human factors relating to safety?
The PEAR model describes these areas as people (the workforce), the environment where people work, the actions people take and the resources that are available.
What is a safety management system (SMS) in an organization?
An AMS is a systematic approach to providing acceptable levels of safety risk within the organization. This approach ties together safety policies, risk management, safety assurance, and safety promotion.
What are the different types of human error?
Human errors can be grouped omission commission, and extraneous errors. Omission errors are tasks which should have been performed by were not. Commission errors are tasks which were done incorrectly. Extraneous errors occur when an individual performs a task that was not authorized.
What is the difference between an active error and a latent error?
An active error is an error that is committed by the person doing the work. A latent error is one that comes from an administrative decision, a flaw in the system, or a culture that exists in a workplace. Latent errors may take a long time to be seen and usually show up as an active error that has its roots in the latent error.
What are the different levels of consequences of human error?
-Little or not effect
-Damage to equipment or hardware. The equipment or hardware can be replaced, but at a loss of time and financial setback.
-Personal injury. Injury to an aviation mechanic, aircraft operator, or passenger.
-Catastrophic damage (loss of life or loss of an aircraft).
How can MEDA model be used for evaluating incidents or accidents caused by an aviation mechanic or inspector?
The MEDA model is used to identify contributing factors behind the error. MEDA stand for the Maintenance Error/Event Decision Aid mode. The contributing factors are analyzed to determine the probability that they will cause an error, and then the error is analyzed to determine the probability that the error will cause an event.
What is the SHEL model for event investigation?
-Software/procedures-Software, refers to the intangible part of the system such as rules, regulations, customs, habits, and the procedures involved.
-Hardware-represents the physical aspects that the aviation mechanic works with, including the aircraft, tools, hardware, and facilities.
-Environment-The physical environment in which the work is being done.
-Liveware/personnel-is the human element in the system.
How can human limitations affect an individual’s performance?
“People” is the P in the PEAR model and describes how people who do the work are the center of all work. There are many factors that can affect or limit an individual’s ability to perform work: Physical, psychological, physiological, psychosocial.
What elements of the physical environment can affect an aviation mechanic’s ability to perform work?
Weather, location, workspace, shift, lighting, sound level, and safety.
How can organization and social environments affect an aviation mechanic’s ability to effectively perform work?
The culture within which an individual works can have a large impact on their ability to work safely and effectively.
How does the reporting of hazards within an organization tie into the overall safety policy?
Management of an organization defines and controls the safety policy as they are the ones who are ultimately responsible for safety within the organization. There must be clear goals that are openly communicated regarding the reporting of hazards for safety goals to be met.munic
Why is good communication important in an aviation work environment?
Individuals have differing way s of expressing and receiving ideas, opinions, and instructions. If a team of aviation mechanics is going to work together on a large project, it is vital that they understand each other and can perform the work safely and efficiently. In addition to communication clearly with each other, they must also be able to communicate clearly with supervisors, the aircraft owner, and the suppliers of aircraft parts and services.
What is a reactive approach to hazard identification?
The reactive approach to hazard identification investigates accidents, incidents, and events, The investigation occurs after the occurrence.
What is a proactive approach to hazard identification?
The proactive approach to hazard identification actively identifies safety hazards through analysis of the organization’s activities through mandatory and voluntary reporting systems, safety audits, and safety surveys.
What is a predictive approach to hazard identification?
The predictive approach to hazard identification captures system performance as it happens during normal operations, such as observing a mechanic’s performance during a heavy check.
What are the elements of good teamwork?
Most aviation mechanics work as part of a team to do their work. The team must function cohesively to accomplish the work at hand safely and correctly. This includes good communication, understanding the end goal, watching out for teammates, and cooperating with each other. Part of the team attitude is understanding that your actions and attitudes directly affect those around you.
How can communication affect and facilitate teamwork?
Communication is key for individuals to work together as a team. Discuss specific duties when jobs require more than one person to eliminate missing steps or tasks. When assigning work to an individual, never assume that they have all the information and resources needed for the task. Verify their understanding of critical tasks by making sure they have access to the correct manuals and understand the process to be completed.
How does leadership affect the safety culture in an organization?
For a safety management system to be effective, senior management must lead by example and promote safety culture through policies, promotion, and risk management. If the leaders of a company are not completely supportive of a safety culture, it will show through, and will become less important to the rest of the company.
What does professionalism mean from the standpoint of an aviation mechanic?
Professionalism is the conduct and practice of doing one’s job with skill, competence, ethics, and courtesy. A professional aviation mechanic will understand and carry out proper, recommended maintenance procedures, and will have the necessary skills to perform the task. The individual recognizes when their understanding of a task is lacking and will seek appropriate guidance. A professional will treat all other individuals with courtesy and respect, regardless of their position.
What does it mean for an aviation mechanic to work with integrity?
To work with integrity means that the aviation mechanic will not compromise safety, airworthiness, regulations, or company policies, regardless of who sees9 or does not see) what they do.
What does an aviation mechanic’s signature on a document indicate?
An aviation mechanic’s signature is their word indicating that each and every task was performed as required, to the best of their ability. The signature is directly linked to the aviation mechanic’s professionalism and integrity. To sign a document knowing that something has not been completed or is wrong, means that integrity has been compromised. Once compromised, it is very difficult to ear integrity back.
What are the procedures necessary for an effective shift change?
Properly use logbooks and worksheets to communicate work accomplished and work to be done. At shift changes, maintenance personnel must discuss what work has been accomplished and what needs to be completed. Never assume work has been completed if there is no record of completion. In addition to a written record of work accomplished, there should be a verbal brief between shifts to provide further details and to allow for questions regarding the status of the work.
What should be included in a written transfer of a critical task?
When transferring a critical task, it is important to record exactly what has been accomplished up to that point, as well as critical tasks not yet completed.
