Human Factors

Question 1

Rain on the windshield

Answer 1

Can cause the runway to look lower than it is.
On final approach can cause runway lights to look bigger and brighter.

BOTH will make the pilot to undershoot

Question 2

Haze on final

Answer 2

Can cause runway to look further away, tendency to fly high on the approach

Question 3

UPSLOPE RUNWAY

Answer 3

Creates the illusion of being higher than you actually are, tendency to fly a LOW approach or undershoot

Question 4

DOWNSLOPE RUNWAY

Answer 4

Creates the illusion of being lower than you actually are, tendency to fly a HIGH approach or undershoot

Question 5

WIDER runway

Answer 5

Creates the illusion of being much lower, resulting in a tendency to fly high on approach and flare high

Question 6

NARROWED runway

Answer 6

Creates the illusion of being much higher, resulting in a tendency to fly low on approach and low high

Question 7

Empty myopia

Answer 7

Eye tends to focus on a point 3 to 5 feets away. Objects in the sky will then appear smaller and further away

Question 8

Blind spot

Answer 8

One eye is blocked, for example by a sunshield or a window spot

Question 9

Lack of relative motion

Answer 9

Objects which appear fixed because of lack of relative motion may actually be converging with your flight path.

Question 10

Opposite turning illusion

Answer 10

This results from a sustained turn in one direction which causes the fluid your ears to turn in the same direction as the aircraft.

Question 11

Coriolis Illusion

Answer 11

This occurs when you turn your head when the aircraft is itself in a turn - for sapped pencil.

Question 12

The Leans

Answer 12

This is similar to the opposite turning illusion and typically results if the pilot inadvertently enters a slow turn

Question 13

The pitch up illusion

Answer 13

This results from an acceleration such as during an overshoot following a ballked landing.

Question 14

Night flying

Answer 14

reduced visual acuity, color vision, and depth perception. In addition, your brain, eyes and other senses may act to deceive you

Question 15

Autokinesis

Answer 15

Occurs when one focuses on a single light in an area where there are no other references.

Question 16

False Horizons

Answer 16

Can occur when flying on clear moonless nights over rural areas. The few lights below can blend with stars above the horizon, making it difficult to make out an actual horizon

Question 17

Black Hole

Answer 17

Happens on a final approach at night over water or unlighted terrain to a lighted runway where the horizon is not visible

Question 18

Somatogravic illusion

Answer 18

Illusion of a nose-up attitude in situations without good visual references.

Question 19

“I’M SAFE” CHECKLIST

Answer 19

Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue 
Eating

Question 20

ANTI Authority

Answer 20

Founded in people who don’t like to be told what to do and will rebel against authority. “don’t tell me what to do”
FOLLOW THE RULES

Question 21

Impulsivity

Answer 21

The need to do something without taking time to think about it
THINK BEFORE ACTING

Question 22

Invulnerability

Answer 22

Feeling that nothing bad can happen suggestthat you have invulnerability “ it can’t happen to me”
IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU AND YOU’RE NOT EXEMPT FROM DANGER

Question 23

Machismo

Answer 23

When you try to impress people, be aware that you can be in a “macho” situation
TAKING CHANCES IS FOOLISH AND IS NOT WORTH RISKING

Question 24

Resignation

Answer 24

Lack of confidence

I CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

Question 25

Oxygen in your body process

Answer 25

1. Sufficient oxygen at a great enough pressure must enter to the lungs 2. The oxygen is absorbed in the lungs 3. Oxygen is carried through the body to the organs and tissues 4. Oxygen is transferred from blood to cells

Question 26

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 26

INSUFFICIENT OXYGEN AT SUFFICIENT PRESSURE AVAILABLE IN THE LUNGS. Caused by reduction in atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes

Question 27

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 27

BLOOD AND THUS OXYGEN IS PREVENTED FROM MOVING THROUGHOUT THE BODY. Experienced when seated for a long time in the cockpit

Question 28

Anaemic Hypoxia

Answer 28

BLOOD IS UNABLE TO ABSORB AND CARRY THE OXYGEN FROM THE LUNGS TO THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY. Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 29

Hystoxic Hypoxia

Answer 29

OCCURS IF THE CELLS IN VARIOUS ORGANS AND TISSUES ARE UNABLE TO ABSORB OXYGEN PROPERLY Alcohol consumption, alcohol in the body reduces ability of cells to efficiently absorb oxygen.

Question 30

Hypoxia Symptoms

Answer 30

``` Euphoria Dizziness and drowsiness Nausea Visual Impairment (especially at night) Headache Rapid breathing ```

Question 31

Hypoxia NIGHT FLYING

Answer 31

Causes a degredation of vision and particularly of the rods which provide vision in low light conditions, will have effects on altitudes as low as 5000 ft ASL, get worst is smoker

Question 32

``` 10,000 ft - HOURS 18,000 ft - 20 MINUTES 20,000 ft - 12 to 5 minutes 25,000 ft - 5 to 3 minutes 30,000 ft - 2 to 1 minutes ```

Answer 32

.

Question 33

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 33

Result from exhaust gases leaking into the cabin.

Question 34

Donating blood

Answer 34

48 hours after donating

Question 35

Pilot is more risk when

Answer 35

Aged between 35 and 39 years old Have between 100 to 500 flight hours Is making a personal flight Flying under VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

Question 36

Scuba diving

Answer 36

Diving WITHOUT decompression levels: 12 hrs if flying below 8000 ft 24 hrs if flying above 8000 ft Diving WITH decompression levels: 24 hrs

Question 37

Positive Gs

Answer 37

Grey-out +2G Blackout +4G Hypoxia and unconsciousness +6G When recovering there’s a period of confusion on awakening

Question 38

dental / local anesthetic

Answer 38

24 hours

Question 39

Recover from hyperventilation

Answer 39

slow breathing rate to 10 -12 per minute, don’t breath deeply