Human geo part one unit 5

Question 1

Agrarian

Answer 1

characteristic of farmers or their way of life

Question 2

Agriculture

Answer 2

the cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals.

Question 3

Animal domestication

Answer 3

animals kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans - differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals.

Question 4

Aquaculture

Answer 4

the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food.

Question 5

Cash crop

Answer 5

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Question 6

Commercial agriculture

Answer 6

term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology.

Question 7

Crop rotation

Answer 7

the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

Question 8

Desertification

Answer 8

the degradation of land, especially in semi-arid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

Question 9

Double cropping

Answer 9

the growing of two crops per year to double the harvest

Question 10

Environmental modification

Answer 10

changes made to the environment. e.g., the use of pesticides to grow crops and the effects it has on the soil and environment; soil erosion and desertification caused by changes made to the environment.

Question 11

Extensive agriculture

Answer 11

use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity.

Question 12

First Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Revolution)

Answer 12

it dates back 10,000 years and is the shift from being primarily hunting and gathering societies to ones that planted crops for food.

Question 13

Forestry

Answer 13

the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources.

Question 14

Green Revolution

Answer 14

the recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops and chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming, with attendant increases in production and ecological damage.

Question 15

Growing season

Answer 15

the period of each year when crops can be grown. It is usually determined by climate and crop selection

Question 16

Hunting and gathering

Answer 16

the killing of wild game and the harvesting of wild plants to provide food in traditional cultures.

Question 17

Intensive agriculture

Answer 17

expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity.

Question 18

Intertillage

Answer 18

the clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, and other manual equipment.

Question 19

Luxury crops

Answer 19

non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

Question 20

Monoculture

Answer 20

dependence on a single agricultural commodity

Question 21

Pastoral nomadism

Answer 21

the continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals.

Question 22

Paddy rice farming

Answer 22

the cultivation of rice on a paddy or sawah, or small flooded field enclosed by mud dikes, practiced in the humid areas of the Far East.

Question 23

Plant domestication

Answer 23

deliberately planted and tended by humans that is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors as a result of selective breeding.

Question 24

Plantation agriculture

Answer 24

a system of monoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amounts of land and capital; originally dependent on slave labor.

Question 25

Primary economic activities

Answer 25

the extraction of natural resources, such as agriculture, lumbering, and mining.

Question 26

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 26

used technology provided by the Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) as a means to increase production and distribution of products.

Question 27

Seed Agriculture

Answer 27

taking seeds from existing plants and planting them to produce new plants

Question 28

Shifting cultivation (slash-and-burn)

Answer 28

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. the clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forest land. Also known as slash-and-burn agriculture.

Question 29

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 29

term used to describe farmers that produce the food that they need to survive on a daily basis.

Question 30

Third agricultural revolution

Answer 30

involves the genetic engineering of products as well as the increased use of fertilizers for crops and antibiotics in animal products

Question 31

Vegetative planting

Answer 31

removing part of a plant and putting it in the ground to grow a new plant