Human Geography Unit 5

Question 0

What is a state?

Answer 0

An area organized into a political unit with a government and control in foreign affairs that also has sovereignty

Question 1

What does political geography help explain?

Answer 1

Factors that lead to political unrest

Question 2

What is sovereignty?

Answer 2

Independence when dealing with internal affairs

Question 3

When were North Korea and South Korea divided into two separate governments?

Answer 3

After WWII

Question 4

Why did South Korea decide not to unify with North Korea in the early 2000’s?

Answer 4

North Korea pursued development of a nuclear weapon when their citizens were suffering

Question 5

Why did Taiwan form?

Answer 5

Nationalist in the late 1940’s, who had just lost the civil war against the communists, fled to present-day Taiwan off of the Chinese coast

Question 6

True or false: China believes that Taiwan is under their control while most other countries recognize it as a sovereign nation.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What country claims control over the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)?

Answer 7

Morocco

Question 8

True or false: Most African countries view Western Sahara as property of Morocco.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or false: Parts of Antarctica are claimed by many different states. Many other states do not recognize these claims.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What did the Antarctic Treaty permit and ban?

Answer 10

The agreement allowed research stations to be built and scientific experiments and research to be conducted; it also banned all military activity in the area

Question 11

What are microstates?

Answer 11

States with little land area

Question 12

True or false: Most microstates are islands.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What are city-states? In what ancient civilization were they common?

Answer 13

City-states are sovereign states that have a town and surrounding countryside that were commonly found in ancient Mesopotamia

Question 14

After the Roman Empire collapsed, it formed into many different a._________ that were controlled by competing b._________, c._________, d._________, and other e._________

Answer 14

a- estates
b- kings
c- dukes
d- barons
e- nobles

Question 15

What is a colony?

Answer 15

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state and is not completely independent

Question 16

What is colonialism?

Answer 16

The effort of one country to heavily influence another country with its customs and culture

Question 17

What is imperialism?

Answer 17

Control of a territory that is already independent

Question 18

What is currently the most populated colony?

Answer 18

Puerto Rico

Question 19

What is a boundary?

Answer 19

An imaginary line that divides a territory

Question 20

What are the five basic shapes of states?

Answer 20

Fragmented, compact,prorupted, perforated, and elongated

Question 21

What is a compact state?

Answer 21

A state with the capital in the center and the boundaries relatively equal around it

Question 22

What is an elongated state? Give an example.

Answer 22

A state with a long and narrow shape. Ex: Malawi, Chile, Italy, Gambia

Question 23

What is a prorupted state? Give an example.

Answer 23

A compact state with an extension. Ex: Congo, Namibia

Question 24

What is a perforated state? Give an example.

Answer 24

A state that completely surrounds another. Ex: South Africa (Lesotho), Italy (Vatican City)

Question 25

What is a fragmented state? Give an example.

Answer 25

A state that has multiple completely separate territories. Ex: Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Angola, Russia

Question 26

What is a landlocked state?

Answer 26

A state that does not have direct contact to a sea, whether it be by a river that empties into it or a direct border of an ocean body

Question 27

What are the two types of boundaries?

Answer 27

Cultural and physical

Question 28

What are the types of physical boundaries?

Answer 28

Mountains, deserts, and water bodies

Question 29

What are the types of cultural boundaries?

Answer 29

Geometric (straight line), language, and religious

Question 30

What is Cyprus's "Green Line" boundary?

Answer 30

Cyprus is composed of Greek and Turkish nationalities; the population is mostly Greek but Cyprus is closer to Turkey. There was a dispute between government power, so a wall was built between the nationalities

Question 31

What is a frontier?

Answer 31

An area with no complete political control

Question 32

What is the difference between unitary and federal states?

Answer 32

Unitary- mostly powered by central government | Federal- promotes smaller government power

Question 33

What are two examples of states that are changing from unitary governments to federal?

Answer 33

Poland and France

Question 34

What is gerrymandering?

Answer 34

Dividing boundaries to give a certain group political power

Question 35

What is the United Nations? How many countries does it contain?

Answer 35

The most important global organization that was created at the end of WWII. It consists of 192 countries

Question 36

What were the two "superpowers" during the Cold War Era?

Answer 36

US and the Soviet Union

Question 37

What happens during a balance of power?

Answer 37

Opposing alliances are equal

Question 38

What were the two main European military alliances after WWII? What views did these alliances have?

Answer 38

The democratic NATO and the Communist Warsaw Pact

Question 39

What are four other regional organizations?

Answer 39

OSCE (Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe), AU (African Union), OAS (Organization of American States),and the Commonwealth

Question 40

True or false: The most important elements of state power are increasingly economic rather than military.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is Western Europe's most important economic organization?

Answer 41

The European Union

Question 42

What was the European Union primarily founded for?

Answer 42

Recover from WWII damage

Question 43

What is currently the main task of the European Union?

Answer 43

Promote development through economic cooperation

Question 44

How many members of the European Union were there when it was first founded? How many are there now?

Answer 44

Started with 6, now 27

Question 45

What group is currently the leading cause of terrorism in America?

Answer 45

Al-Qaeda

Question 46

Who founded Al-Qaeda? How was he able to do this?

Answer 46

Osama bin Laden, whose father became very rich after founding a successful construction company

Question 47

What did Libya do that showed their support for terrorism? What is their view on terrorism now?

Answer 47

Libya supported a nightclub attack in 1986, killing 3. They also planted bombs on a flight over Scotland that killed 270. They no longer sponsor terrorism

Question 48

What group led the government in Afghanistan in the late 1990's? Why did America attack them in 2001?

Answer 48

The Taliban sheltered Osama bin Laden

Question 49

True or false: The US attack on the Taliban in 2001 ended their power.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What caused the Gulf War?

Answer 50

Iran was occupying Kuwait

Question 51

Who was president of Iraq during the Gulf War? Was he removed during the war?

Answer 51

Saddam Hussein, who was not removed from power until after the Gulf War

Question 52

What country did Iran fight from 1980-1988? Why?

Answer 52

Iraq for control of the Shatt al-Arab waterway

Question 53

Who was Ayatollah Ruholiah Khomeini? What did he do in 1979 that built tension?

Answer 53

The Islamic leader of Iran who rewrote the constitution so that he would remain powerful

Question 54

True or false: Iran's relationship with America deteriorated after they were accused of sheltering al-Qaeda members and began to pursue a nuclear weapon.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

True or false: Pakistan is over 80% Punjab.

Answer 55

False (about 45%)

Question 56

What does Pakistan's location have to do with its involvement in terrorism?

Answer 56

The wars taking place in the Middle East often spill into Pakistan

Question 57

What does HDI stand for? What does it measure?

Answer 57

Human Development Index; recognizes development in a country

Question 58

What are the three types of indicators in development?

Answer 58

Economic, social, and demographic

Question 59

What does GDP stand for? What does it measure?

Answer 59

Gross domestic product; the value of products and services produced in a country (typically measured annually)

Question 60

What are three types of jobs? Briefly describe each.

Answer 60

Primary- items produced directly from Earth Secondary- manufacturing Tertiary- Selling goods for a profit

Question 61

What is productivity?

Answer 61

The measure of profit after labor costs are factored in

Question 62

What is the equation for value added?

Answer 62

Gross value - cost of materials

Question 63

What two things do consumer goods improve?

Answer 63

Travel and communication

Question 64

What are two factors that measure a country's educational system?

Answer 64

Literacy rate and teacher to student ratio

Question 65

True or false: Although LDC's are generally poor, they spend more money on health and welfare than MDC's.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

What demographic factors is accounted for when calculating HDI?

Answer 66

Life expectancy

Question 67

What three "rates" also help distinguish an MDC from an LDC?

Answer 67

Infant mortality, natural increase, and crude birth

Question 68

What two factors lowered America's HDI?

Answer 68

Education and life expectancy

Question 69

What country has the highest percentage of tertiary jobs?

Answer 69

America

Question 70

What country has the highest HDI?

Answer 70

Norway

Question 71

What is the cumulative HDI of North America?

Answer 71

0.95

Question 72

True or false: Western Europe is much more economically stable than Eastern Europe.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

What is the cumulative HDI of Europe?

Answer 73

0.93

Question 74

Why did Russia's unemployment rate grow after the Soviet Union dissolved?

Answer 74

They converted to a market economy which caused many businesses that were able to stay open under Communist rule to close

Question 75

What is the cumulative HDI of Russia?

Answer 75

0.73

Question 76

What is the cumulative HDI of Japan?

Answer 76

0.96

Question 77

True or false: Japan's HDI suffered as a result of it's poor education.

Answer 77

False

Question 78

How is Japan able to manufacture goods at an extremely low price?

Answer 78

Many people are willing to work for low wages

Question 79

What is the cumulative HDI of Oceania?

Answer 79

0.90

Question 80

What two Oceanic countries are the most economically stable?

Answer 80

Australia and New Zealand

Question 81

What industry is causing Australia to become more important in the global economy?

Answer 81

Mining

Question 82

What is the cumulative HDI of Latin America?

Answer 82

0.82

Question 83

True or false: Latin America has a high concentration of people living along the South Atlantic coast, resulting in a large variation of development.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

What is the cumulative HDI of East Asia?

Answer 84

0.77

Question 85

True or false: China's economy is growing stronger.

Answer 85

False

Question 86

What is the cumulative HDI of Southwest Asia and North Africa?

Answer 86

0.73

Question 87

What causes slowed progress in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

Answer 87

Islamic practices often interrupt work and cultural disputes and wars

Question 88

What is the cumulative HDI of Southeast Asia?

Answer 88

0.73

Question 89

What island in Indonesia is the most fertile?

Answer 89

Java

Question 90

True or false: Southeast Asia generally has fertile soil and good farming land.

Answer 90

False

Question 91

What is the cumulative HDI of Central Asia?

Answer 91

0.70

Question 92

Why is the HDI especially high in Iran and Kazakhstan?

Answer 92

High levels of oil and petroleum

Question 93

What is the cumulative HDI of South Asia?

Answer 93

0.61

Question 94

What slows agriculture in South Asia?

Answer 94

They have a seasonal rain cycle that only takes up one third of the year

Question 95

What is the cumulative HDI of Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 95

0.51

Question 96

What industry is the most common in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 96

Mining

Question 97

What are GDI and GEM?

Answer 97

GDI (Gender-Related Development Index)- Compares gender development using the same factors as HDI GEM (Gender-Related Empowerment Index)- Compares rights using economic and social factors

Question 98

True or false: Women and men are generally closer to equals in MDC's as opposed to LDC's.

Answer 98

True

Question 99

What are the two forms of development that LDC's use?

Answer 99

International trade and self-sufficiency

Question 100

What are the elements of the self-sufficiency approach to development?

Answer 100

Every part of the economy gets an equal amount of money; promotes local businesses as opposed to large chains.

Question 101

What problems arose from the self-sufficiency approach?

Answer 101

Many people often used the black market and businesses were rarely able to improve

Question 102

What are the 5 steps of Rostow's development model?

Answer 102

1. The traditional society 2. Preconditions for takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. The drive to maturity 5. The age of mass consumption

Question 103

How did the Arabian Peninsula get money to fund large-scale projects?

Answer 103

Revenue from petroleum

Question 104

How were the four Asian dragons able to become economically successful if they had poor farmland?

Answer 104

Manufacturing

Question 105

What were the benefits of international trade?

Answer 105

Better quality, reduced monopolies, and lower importing taxes

Question 106

What does the World Trade Organization do?

Answer 106

Popularize world trade

Question 107

What is an FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)?

Answer 107

An investment from one country to another

Question 108

What are the two major lenders to LDC's?

Answer 108

The Word Bank and IMF

Question 109

True or false: The IMF supports international trade.

Answer 109

True

Question 110

How do Policy Framework Papers help LDC's attain their economic goals?

Answer 110

Providing a structural adjustment program the includes economic tips and tricks

Question 111

What does a company that promotes fair trade do?

Answer 111

Promotes small businesses in LDC's