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LGSW > Human Growth And Development > Flashcards

Human Growth And Development Flashcards

1
Q

Trust versus Mistrust

A

Birth to 1 year children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon consistency of their caregivers.

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2
Q

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

A

Ages 1-3: children begin to assert their independence by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices.

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3
Q

Initiative versus Guilt

A

Age 3-6: children assert themselves more frequently, planning activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others

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4
Q

Industry versus Inferiority

A

Age 6-Puberty: children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments

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5
Q

Identity versus Role Confusion

A

The transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. They explore possibilities and form their own identities.

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6
Q

Intimacy versus Isolation

A

Young adulthood: individuals begin to share themselves more intimately with others and explore relationships leading towards long term commitments.

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7
Q

Generativity versus Stagnation

A

Middle adulthood- adults establish careers, settle down within relationships, begin families, and develop the sense of the bigger picture

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8
Q

Ego Integrity versus despair

A

Older adults: contemplating accomplishments and developing a sense of integrity if they are satisfied with their lives

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9
Q

6 levels of Cognition

A

Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation

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10
Q

Cognitive development theory

A

Jean Piaget: how humans acquire knowledge, children learn through interaction with the environment and others.

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11
Q

Stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor (0-2years)
Preoperational (2-7years)
Concrete operations (7-11years)
Formal operations (11-maturity)

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12
Q

Kholbergs stages of moral development

A

Preconventional (before age 9)
Conventional (early adolescence)
Postconventional (adult)

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13
Q

Four orientations of Learning Theory

A

Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)
Cognitive (Piaget)
Humanistic (Maslow)
Social/Situational (Bandura)

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14
Q

Respondent behavior

A

Involuntary behavior such as anxiety that is automatically elicited by a certain behavior

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15
Q

Operant behavior

A

Voluntary behavior such as walking or talking that is controlled by its consequences in the environment

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16
Q

Aversion therapy

A

Any treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or a behavior by repeated pairing of it with an aversive stimulus- alcoholism with Antabuse

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17
Q

Biofeedback

A

Behavior training program that teaches a person how to control certain functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and muscular tension. Used for ADHD and Anxiety

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18
Q

Extinction

A

Withholding a reinforcer that normally follows a behavior. Behavior that fails to produce reinforcement with eventually cease.

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19
Q

Flooding

A

A treatment procedure in which a clients anxiety is extinguished by prolonged real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli

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20
Q

In vivo desensitization

A

Pairing and movement through a hierarchy of anxiety from least to most anxiety provoking situations, in a real setting

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21
Q

Modeling

A

Method of instruction that involves an individual demonstrating the behavior to be acquired by the client

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22
Q

Rational emotive therapy (RET)

A

Cognitively oriented therapy in which a social worker seeks to change a clients irrational beliefs by argument, persuasion, and rational reevaluation and by teaching a client to counter self defeating thinking with new, nondistressing self statements

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23
Q

Shaping

A

Method used to train a new behavior by prompting and reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior

24
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

An anxiety inhibiting response cannot occur at the same time as the anxiety response. Anxiety producing stimulus is paired with relaxation producing response so that eventually an anxiety producing stimulus produces a relaxation response.

25
Q

Cultural identity

A

Identity of a group or culture of an individual who is influenced by his or her self identification with that group or culture

26
Q

Physiological needs

A

Food, water, oxygen, constant body temperature

27
Q

Social needs

A

Friendship, intimacy, affection, love from friends, family, etc.

28
Q

Esteem needs

A

Stable, firmly based level of self-respect and respect from others

29
Q

Self actualization needs

A

Need to be oneself, to act consistently with whom one is

30
Q

Authoritarian Parenting

A

Children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents, failure to follow these rules results in punishment.

31
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

Establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow, but are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions.

32
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

Very few demands on their children. They rarely discipline their children and are generally nurturing and communicative with their children like a friend.

33
Q

Uninvolved Parenting

A

Few demands, low responsiveness, and little communication. Meets basic needs but detached from children’s lives.

34
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Behaviors that protect people from anxiety. Automatic and involuntary.

35
Q

Acting Out

A

Emotional conflict is dealt with through actions rather than feelings
EX: instead of talking about feeling neglected, a person will get into trouble to get attention

36
Q

Compensation

A

Enables one to make up for real or fancied deficiencies
EX: a short man assumes a cocky, overbearing manner

37
Q

Conversion

A

Repressed urge is expressed as a disturbance of body function, usually of the sensory, voluntary nervous system (pain, deafness, tics)

38
Q

Decompensation

A

Deterioration of existing defenses

39
Q

Denial

A

Primitive defense, inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings, wishes, behavior, or external reality factors that are consciously intolerable

40
Q

Devaluation

A

Used by people with BPD in which they attribute exaggerated negative qualities to self or another

41
Q

Dissociation

A

Process the enables a person to split mental functions in a manner that allows him or her to express forbidden or unconscious impulses without taking responsibility for the action, due to not remembering it or it is not experienced as their own (amnesia)

42
Q

Displacement

A

Directing an impulse, wish, or feeling toward a person or situation that is not it’s real object, permitting expression in a less threatening situation
EX: a man angry at his boss kicks his dog

43
Q

Idealization

A

Overestimation of an admired aspect or attribute of another

44
Q

Identification with the aggressor

A

Mastering anxiety by identifying with a powerful aggressor to counteract feelings of helplessness and to feel powerful oneself.
EX: abusing others after being abused themselves

45
Q

Incorporation

A

Primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person is figuratively ingested

46
Q

Inhibition

A

Loss of motivation to engage in activity avoided because it might stir up conflict over forbidden impulses

47
Q

Introjection

A

Loved or hated external objects are symbolically absorbed within self
EX: severe depression, unacceptable hatred is turned towards self

48
Q

Intellectualization

A

Person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic.

49
Q

Isolation of affect

A

Unacceptable impulse, idea, or act is separated from its original memory source, thereby removing the original emotional charge associated with it

50
Q

Projection

A

Attributing ones disowned attitudes, wishes, feelings, to some external object or person

51
Q

Projective identification

A

Used by people eith BPD, unconsciously perceiving others’ behavior as a reflection of one’s own identity

52
Q

Rationalization

A

Giving believable explanation for irrational behavior, motivated by unacceptable unconscious wishes

53
Q

Reaction formation

A

Person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes, or behaviors that are opposites of those they harbor unconsciously or consciously.
EX: being excessively sweet to mask unconscious anger

54
Q

Regression

A

Partial or symbolic return to more infantile patterns of reacting or thinking
EX: dependency during illness

55
Q

Repression

A

Expressed by amnesia or symptomatic forgetting serving to banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, or impulses from consciousness

LGSW (1 decks)

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