Human Growth and Development Flashcards

Question

# Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 y/o) | Definition

Answer 1

**Definition:** children begin to use language and think symbolically, but their thinking is still intutitive and egocentric ## Footnote Key Concept: Egocentrism and Centration

Answer 2

**Definition:** Children develop logical thinking about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation ## Footnote Key Concept: Conservation

Answer 3

**Definition:** individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and use deductive reasoning ## Footnote Key Concept: Abstract Thinking

Answer 4

(person-centered) knowing one's own tendencies, thoughts, preferences and habits, hobbies, skills and areas of weakness

Answer 5

peoples development and behaviors * **nature**: traits by biological or genetic makeup (heredity, genes, instincts) * **nurture**: traits by physical and emotional environment (learning)

Answer 6

"blank slate": people are born without any innate mental content, and that all knowledge comes from sensory experiences and education

Answer 7

the nervous system changes and adapts in response to internal or external stimuli

Answer 8

the study of mental and social disorders

Answer 9

proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period

Answer 10

the probability that one can recover from a condition

Answer 11

the study of the causes of psychological disorders

Answer 12

the idea that multiple pathwats can lead to the same outcome

Answer 13

when one or more psychological disorders are found in a patient alongside their primary condition

Answer 14

the state of being close to someone or something they repeatedly encounter

Answer 15

thoughts that are not in line with who we are and/or what we believe

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something is in line with one's values, identity, beliefs, and desires

Answer 17

systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding healthy, illness, and health coere delivery

Answer 18

pursuit of pleasure

Answer 19

**Level 1:** Pre-conventional (prior to age 9): reponses to consequences * Obedience and punishment orientation * Individualism and exchange **Level 2:** Conventional: wants to meet the standards of family, society, and even the nation * good boy/nice girl orientation * law and order orientation **Level 3:** Post-conventional: concerened with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity, and queality of human rights * Social contract orientation * Universal ethical principle orientation

Answer 20

Assistant to Lawrence Kohlberg * emphasizes women's perspectives

Answer 21

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy: 0-18months) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood: 2-3 years old) 3. Initative vs. Guilt (Pre-school: 3-5 years old) 4. Industry vs. Interiority (School age: 6-11 years old) 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolesence: 12-18 years old) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adult: 19-40 years old) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood: 40-65 years old) 8. Ego Identity vs. Dispair (Maturity: 65+)

Answer 22

**1. Sensorimotor:** (0-2 years old) object permanence * basic reflexes, senses, motor responses **2. Pre-operational:** (2-7 years old) symbolic thought * skilled at pretend play; struggles with logic and point of view **3. Concrete operational:** (7-11 years old) logical thought * become better at thinking logically **4. Post-operational:** (12 years and older) scientific reasoning * Solution to problems and thinking scientifically

Answer 23

**Adaptation:** adjusting to the enviornment **Organization:**the combining of behaviors into coherent systems

Answer 24

cognitive structure that helps people organize and interpret information with life expereince * System that premits the child to test out things in the physical world

Answer 25

1. **Person Schemas:** focused on specific individuals 2. **Social Schemas:**general knowledge about how peopl behave in certain social situations 3. **Self-Schemas:**knowledge about self 4. **Event Schemas:** patterns of behavior that should be followed for certain events

Answer 26

adjusting to new expereiences and information to function more effectively in the world

Answer 27

cognitive process of making new information fit with exisiting understanding

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adjusting and modifying schemas to incorporate new infor or expereinces

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understanding that objects continue to exist even if they are not seen,heard,or touched

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focusing on one aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects

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ability to understand that the quantity of an object remains the same even when its shape, size, or container changes

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Consider concepts and ideas that are not concrete or tied to physical objects or experiences

Answer 33

1. Self-Actualization 2. Esteem 3. Love and Belonging 4. Safety 5. Psychological Needs ## Footnote **S**elfish **E**arl **L**oves **S**afety **P**ins

Answer 34

developed the developmental task model. Stated that development is continuous and includes many tasks across 6 stages

Answer 35

1. infancy and earlychildhood: learning to walk or eat solid foods 2. middle childhood (6-12years old): learning to get along with peers or developing a conscience 3. adolescence (12-18years old): preparing for marriage and an economic career 4. early adulthood (19-30years old): selecting mate and starting family 5. middle age (30-60years old): assisting teens to become responsible adults and developing leisture time activities 6. maturity (60+ years old): dealing with death of a spouse and adjusting to retirement

Human Growth and Development Flashcards

(64 cards)