Human Growth and Development Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is object permanence?
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight (sensorimotor stage)
What is conservation according to Piaget?
Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape (preoperational stage struggle)
What does accommodation mean in Piaget’s theory?
Adjusting or creating a new schema when new information doesn’t fit existing ones
Formal operational stage involves what ability?
Abstract, hypothetical thinking and deductive reasoning
What is the conflict of Erikson’s autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage?
Developing independence vs. feeling shame about abilities (ages 1-3)
Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs at what age?
Adolescence (approx. 12-18 years) - figuring out who you are
What is generativity vs. stagnation about?
Contributing to society through work or parenting vs. feeling unproductive (middle adulthood)
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
The difference between what a learner can do alone vs. with help
What is scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
Support provided by a more knowledgeable other to aid learning
What is preconventional morality?
Moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards
What characterizes postconventional morality?
Moral reasoning based on personal ethical principles
Nature vs. nurture debate involves what question?
Whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) shapes development
What is a sensitive period?
A time when development is especially responsive to environmental input, often linked to language development
What age range is associated with Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?
Birth to 2 years
What key concept is mastered during the Sensorimotor stage?
Object permanence
What age range is associated with Piaget’s Preoperational stage?
2 to 7 years
What are the key characteristics of the Preoperational stage?
Egocentrism, lack of conservation, symbolic thinking develops
What age range is associated with Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage?
7 to 11 years
What major ability develops during the Concrete Operational stage?
Understanding of conservation, logical thinking about concrete objects
What age range is associated with Piaget’s Formal Operational stage?
12 years and older
What key abilities emerge during the Formal Operational stage?
Abstract, hypothetical, and deductive reasoning
