Human Microbiome

Question 1

Skin Microbiota

Answer 1

-difficult to colonize (salty, dry, acidic, protective oils)
-mostly gram + bacteria
-anatomical differences, dry vs wet places (face, armpit)
-influenced by env, host factors
-each microenvironment shows unique microbiota
–dry skin
–moist skin
–sebaceous skin

Question 2

S. aureus

Answer 2

-can create biofilms
-inhibited by s. epidermidis

Question 3

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 3

-thought to be sterile, lungs & trachea have normal microbiota
-ciliated cells major component of keeping lungs clean

Question 4

How lungs defend themselves?

Answer 4

-secretion of mucus & surfactants/microbicides
-macrophages & dendritic cells for immune system

Question 5

What bacteria frequently cause UTIs in wahmen?

Answer 5

-e. coli & p. mirabilis

Question 6

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Answer 6

-chills in the coochie
-takes the glycogen present & makes lactic acid
-maintains local acidic env.
-present from puberty to menopause

Question 7

Dick microbiota

Answer 7

-species resemble that of gut
-male & female partners share genital microbes

Question 8

Gut Microbiota

Answer 8

-colonization begins at birth
-more anoxic farther you go down
-3 major phyla
–firmicutes
–bacteriodetes
–proteobacteria
-shit ton of species
-peeps mostly have firmicutes, bacteriodetes, or mix of both

Question 9

Large intestine

Answer 9

-carry out essential metabolic reactions
-vit. production
-mod of steroids
-aa biosynth.

Question 10

Conditions for Immune Response

Answer 10

-stimulation of innate cells
-severity of pathology is consequence of host

Question 11

Microbiome Acuisition

Answer 11

-recent evidence suggests that microbiome begins to develop before birth (from placenta)
-early colonizing microbes are source of vitamins
-by age 3, microbiota becomes stable to that of adult

Question 12

What happens when we die?

Answer 12

-bacteria & fungi do putrefaction (tissue breakdown) and act as decomposers
-microbiota relatively stable 24-48hrs
-post 48hrs, ecology alters to be unrecognizable

Question 13

2 Common Probiotic Genera

Answer 13

-Bifidobacterium
-Lactobacillus

Question 14

Firmicutes

Answer 14

-associated with methanogens (archaea)
-use H2 to produce CH4 (work of archaea)
-less H2, more fermentation of SCFA, more nutrients

Question 15

Bacteriodetes

Answer 15

-produce H2
-less archaea, so more H2
-H2 inhibit fermentation of SCFA, less nutrients & absorption