Human Movement and Nervous System

Question 1

What three systems make up human movement?

Answer 1

The nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

Question 2

What is the kinetic chain?

Answer 2

The human body uses a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Question 3

Body parts that utilize the kinetic chain:

Answer 3

Muscles, bones, and joints.

Question 3

What is the nervous system?

Answer 3

Network of nerves that transmit information throughout the body.

Question 4

What are some things the nervous system provides?

Answer 4

Sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to our brain, stimulate movement, keep heart/organs healthy.

Question 5

The nervous system is one of the _________________ of the body.

Answer 5

Main organ systems.

Question 6

What is a neuron?

Answer 6

Specialized cell/functional unit of the nervous system.

Question 7

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 7

System that consists of the brain and spinal cords. Coordinates activity in the body.

Question 8

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 8

Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and the external environment.

Question 9

How does the central nervous system recieve information?

Answer 9

Afferent pathway.

Question 10

How does the rest of the body receive information from the central nervous system?

Answer 10

Efferent pathway.

Question 11

What do interneurons do?

Answer 11

Transfer impulses between afferent and efferent neurons.

Question 12

What are sensory receptors?

Answer 12

Structures located throughout the body that convert stimuli into sensory information.

Question 13

What do sensory receptors use?

Answer 13

The afferent pathway.

Question 14

What are the four sensory receptors?

Answer 14

Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.

Question 15

What are mechanoreceptors?

Answer 15

Mechanical force (touch + pressure).

Question 16

What are nociceptors?

Answer 16

Pain receptors.

Question 17

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 17

Chemical interaction (smell + taste).

Question 18

What are photoreceptors?

Answer 18

Light (vision).

Question 19

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 19

Voluntary; serving outer areas of the body.

Question 20

What is the automatic nervous system?

Answer 20

Involuntary; serving inner areas of the body.

Question 21

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 21

Fight or flight; increased neural activity (adrenaline).

Question 22

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

Relaxed state; decreased neural activity.

Question 23

What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Sensory, integrative, and motor functions.

Question 24

What is the sensory function?

Answer 24

Sense internal/external changes to environment.

Question 25

What is proprioception?

Answer 25

Sensing the position of all body parts.

Question 26

What is the integrative function?

Answer 26

Central nervous system interpreting sensory information to make decisions.

Question 27

What is the motor function?

Answer 27

Body's response to sensory information

Question 28

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 28

Sensory receptors within muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers.

Question 29

How long does it take for a response to contract a stretched muscle spindle?

Answer 29

1-2 milliseconds.

Question 30

What is the golgi tendon?

Answer 30

Sensory receptors located where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle. Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. (Relax muscle and prevent stress/injury).

Question 31

What are joint receptors?

Answer 31

Signal extreme acceleration/deceleration to prevent injury in the muscle.

Question 32

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 32

The brain continues to grow over time.

Question 33

What is neurcircuitry?

Answer 33

Connection of neurons in the brain when developing a new skill.

Question 34

What years does the adolescent brain develop?

Answer 34

10-25 years of age.

Question 35

What are motor skills?

Answer 35

Movement in sensory and motor systems to perform physical activity.

Question 36

What is the three stage process of learning a new skill?

Answer 36

1). Cognitive 2). Associative 3). Autonomous

Question 37

What is the cognitive stage in learning?

Answer 37

Learning about the new skill.

Question 38

What is the associative stage in learning?

Answer 38

Understanding the new skill.

Question 39

What is the autonomous stage in learning?

Answer 39

Mastering the new skill.