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Theology > Human Nature (Augustine) > Flashcards

Human Nature (Augustine) Flashcards

1
Q

What did god make humans

A

In his image and likeness

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2
Q

What is Christian stewardship

A

Humans must take care of gods gift of creation

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3
Q

What are the two things god asked of humans

A

Stewardship and not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge

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4
Q

What did Augustine say there was between all human faculties

A

Perfect Harmony between human will, reason and human body

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5
Q

What was human will at the beginning for Augustine

A

balance between self love and generous love

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6
Q

What was Adam and Eves relationship

A

They had friendship and were sexual for reproductive purposes but not lustful

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7
Q

How does genesis describe the fall step by step

A
  • Serpent tempts Eve to eat the fruit and she gives some to Adam
  • they then feel embarrassment and shame as they are naked so hide from god
  • God punishes them and the serpent for eternity and banishes them from the garden
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8
Q

What was Gods punishment for the serpent

A

Serpent will crawl on the ground and be hated by all people

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9
Q

What was gods punishment for women

A

experience pain in childbirth and be subservient to the husband and desire him so married relationships will be lustful

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10
Q

what was gods punishment for men

A

He will have to work hard and produce food his whole life

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11
Q

For Augustine what did the fall cause

A

Harmony between reason will and body was lost, human will is corrupted and stays that way for the rest of time

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12
Q

Reasons why Augustines teaching on the fall is wrong

A
  • If everything was perfect there should be no room for temptation
  • Different authors for genesis so likely isnt true
  • Evolution discredits genesis
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13
Q

Reasons why Augustines teaching on the fall is correct

A
  • For christians it explains lust, dominance of men, reason for epistemic distance
  • The story has such big influence even if it isnt true it should be understood
  • Challenges Gods nature
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14
Q

Original Sin

A

The first sin of Adam and Eve that is passed through generations to every human

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15
Q

Concupiscence

A

Humanity’s inclination to sin influenced by lust, selfishness and desires

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16
Q

What does Augustine believe about concupiscence

A

It has taken over and corrupted human will so now humans can choose selfishly rather than just selflessly like before the fall

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17
Q

What do protestants believe about the fall and concupiscence

A

They believe the fall has completely corrupted humans and that concupiscence is the sin itself that we all have

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18
Q

What do catholics believe about the fall and concupiscence

A

They believe the fall has only weakened human nature and that concupiscence causes sin

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19
Q

What did Augustine put the largest focus on as evidence of the fall

A

Lust as people wouldn’t have control over lustful desires and this would ruin friendly relationships and drive acts of sex, reproduction would now pass on original sin as it is driven by lust

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20
Q

Why was Augustine troubled by the issue of sex

A

He experienced sexual freedom before he was a christian so probably felt shame for his lustful relationships

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21
Q

Augustine quote on lust

A

‘Human nature is ashamed about lust and rightly ashamed’

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22
Q

What was Augustines Double death

A
  • First death was that of the relationships between god and adman and eve at the fall.
  • Second death was gods punishment for the first that all humans will be mortal and be corrupted
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23
Q

Reasons why Augustines teaching on original sin is wrong

A
  • Unfair punishment for humans today
  • It comes not from truth but augustines own troubles with lust and sex
  • Evolution weakens story credibility and shows that humans are evolving positively improving
  • Leaves no space for humans to develop morals due to predestination
24
Q

Reasons why Augustines teaching on original sin is not wrong

A
  • concupiscence links well to human temptation present everyday
  • Physical desires being in control is shared by psychologists
  • Explains why God is benevolent as he gave us free will
  • Freud says libido is central
25
Q

Why did Augustine decide on predestination

A

Rejected idea that humans are completely free as even with a pure and chaste life one will still experience concupiscence.

26
Q

Predestination

A

All people are predestined to sin but God will save a selected few through his grace

27
Q

Gods Grace

A

Gods generous love that is given to us to save us if we accept it even though humans do not deserve it, Jesus and the bible

28
Q

What is the second tree

A

Jesus being crucified on a wooden cross to make up for the original sin on the first tree

29
Q

Why is god so loving for Augustine

A

he still offers his grace with Jesus when humans don’t deserve it and continue to turn away from god

30
Q

What is Augustines Summom Bonnum

A

The highest good that is available for those who put faith in God and his grace, experienced only in the presence of god and the state one is in in heaven

31
Q

Reasons why sin means humans can never morally be good

A
  • Humans continue to misuse gods gift of free will
  • Humans will always fall short of summer bonus in this world
  • Fault lies within humanity
  • God loves his people so saves them with his grace, this doesn’t make humans morally good
32
Q

Reasons why sin doesn’t mean humans can never morally be good

A
  • Gods Grace has a big impact on people and can help with moral goodness
  • Catholic view of concupiscence is that it is an inclination not innate, so still space for moral goodness
  • God is all loving so couldn’t condemn humans
  • immorality doesn’t come from venial everyday sins like lustful thought but from mortal sins like murder
33
Q

What did Augustine think about politics and the state

A

Is a punishment for fallen humanity, has the power to Gove orders punish kill enslave, but also provides some order and peace for humanity

34
Q

What were Augustine’s two cities

A

Earthly city - material world where those condemned to hell exist
Heavenly - world were those chosen by god exist and walk among god

35
Q

What are Augustines three types of peace

A
  • perfect peace only found in city of god
  • Temporal peace that all aim to bring about in society
  • The inner peace of those who are chosen for the city of god in material life
36
Q

What did Augustine say about rulers

A

Rulers should be obeyed as they enforce the law of god, the church is an earthly institution that should be obeyed.

37
Q

What did Augustine believe societies role was

A

Try and control concupiscence to keep peace and order

38
Q

Reasons why there is a distinctive human nature

A
  • Augustine argues there is as it is seen to be changed at the fall
  • Distinctive characteristics of men and women
  • Built into humans is desire to survive and flourish
39
Q

How did Rousseau support that humans have a distinctive human nature

A

Humans have a tendency ti be generous but society holds them back by encouraging greed to better oneself

40
Q

How did Hobbes support that humans have a distinctive human nature

A

Humans are animalistic selfish beings that need to use reason to overcome this and create societies

41
Q

Reasons why Humans don’t have a distinct human nature

A
  • Existentialism rejects the idea of there being a basic human nature as we build who we are
  • All societies and states are different
  • Each person has an individual relationship with god unique to them
42
Q

How does John Locke support that there is no distinct human nature

A

At birth people are born with a tabula rasa blank slate, and all experiences build us up into what kind of human we are

43
Q

How does Freud support that there is no distinct human nature

A

Humans are governed by subjective suppressed memories in our minds

44
Q

What did Pelagius argue against Augustine

A

Children are born without sin as it would be unjust for god to give sin to everyone for the actions of Adam and Eve. Sin is created by ones own actions and free will

45
Q

What is libido

A

lust or sex drive

46
Q

Post lapsarian World

A

The fallen world

47
Q

How does Dawkins criticise Augustines Original sin 3 ways

A
  • Absurd idea to put all sin onto the actions of two people
  • Enforces unhealthy christian obsession with sin coming from sex
  • Gods salvation coming from Jesus crucifixion is sado-masochism
    –> image of a martyr is strong image
48
Q

How does Tillich criticise Augustines original sin

A

It relies on the literal interpretation of genesis but Tillich says the bible should be interpreted symbolically
–> symbolically still represents similar ideas

49
Q

What did Augustine believe was needed for gods grace

A

Faith and Baptism

50
Q

What can Gods grace be understood as

A
  • Love and Mercy
  • capable of purifying human will to obey god
  • enables ones soul to praise and repent to god
  • capable of overcoming human pride which is sinful
51
Q

How does freud also criticise Augustine

A

sex shouldn’t only be for reproduction it is important for human development therefore lustful sex isnt sinful and original sin isnt passed on seminally

52
Q

How does Kant criticise Augustine

A

No such things as sin just a lack of reason, salvation can be achieved with reason and duty to find the good will

53
Q

How does Sartre criticise Augustine

A

Rejects an essential human nature and predestination as humans are free to develop their own personalities

54
Q

How does Gunton support Augustine

A

raises augustines point that science and philosophy don’t consider the religious dimension of being human

55
Q

Religious dimension

A

How humans in history try to find out life’s meaning and purpose through the concept of God and the supernatural.

56
Q

How does Niebuhr support Augustine

A

Wrong to think reason can rid sin and bring about fair societies, war and oppression may be based on reason.

57
Q

How does Barbour support Augustine

A

Genesis isnt scientific but is a story that is supposed to inspire humans on what their relationship with other and the world could be like

Theology (12 decks)

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