Human Nervous System

Question 1

are the nerve cells of the central nervous system that transmit information through electrochemical signals throughout the body

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

a cell body from which the axon extends.

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

are nerve fibers that are the longest part of the neuron, which conduct electrical impulses away from the soma.

Answer 3

Axons

Question 4

There are ________ at the end of the neuron, which are branch-like structures that send and receive information from other neurons.

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

a fatty insulating layer, forms around the axon, allowing nerve impulses to travel down the axon quickly.

Answer 5

Myelin Sheath

Question 6

Three Types of Neurons

Answer 6

• Sensory Neurons
• Motor Neurons
• Relay Neurons

Question 7

transmit sensory information

Answer 7

Sensory Neurons

Question 8

transmit motor information

Answer 8

Motor Neurons

Question 9

allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate.

Answer 9

Relay Neurons

Question 10

The communication between neurons is called?

Answer 10

Synapses

Question 11

Neurons communicate with each other via? Which are gaps between the endings of neurons.

Answer 11

Synaptic Clefts

Question 12

During _________ ,chemicals, such as neurotransmitters, are released from the endings of the previous neuron (also known as the presynaptic neuron).

Answer 12

synaptic transmission

Question 13

These chemicals enter the synaptic cleft to then be transported to receptors on the next neuron (also known as the _____________).

Answer 13

postsynaptic neuron

Question 14

chemicals, such as neurotransmitters, are released from the endings of the previous neuron (also known as the _____________).

Answer 14

presynaptic neuron

Question 15

Once transported to the next neuron, the chemical messengers continue traveling down neurons to influence many functions, such as _________ and __________.

Answer 15

behavior and movement

Question 16

3 Brain Parts

Answer 16

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain Stem

Question 17

is the largest and most recognizable part of the brain. It consists of grey matter (the cerebral cortex ) and white matter at the center.

Answer 17

Cerebrum

Question 18

The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres

Answer 18

Left and Right

Question 19

the left and right, contains the 4 lobes of the brain

Answer 19

frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes

Question 20

produces higher functioning roles such as thinking, learning, memory, language, emotion, movement, and perception.

Answer 20

Cerebrum

Question 21

The cerebrum is divided into two halves: the right and left hemispheres . The left hemisphere controls the _______ half of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the ________ half.

Answer 21

right
left

Question 22

The two hemispheres are connected by a thick band of neural fibers known as the __________, consisting of about 200 million axons.

Answer 22

corpus callosum

Question 23

allows the two hemispheres to communicate and allows information being processed on one side of the brain to be shared with the other.

Answer 23

corpus callosum

Question 24

is the idea that each hemisphere is responsible for different functions. Each of these functions is localized to either the right or left side.

Answer 24

Hemispheric lateralization

Question 25

What hemisphere is associated with language functions, such as formulating grammar and vocabulary and containing different language centers (Broca’s and Wernicke’s area).

Answer 25

Left Hemisphere

Question 26

What hemisphere is associated with more visuospatial functions such as visualization, depth perception, and spatial navigation. These left and right functions are the case in most people, especially those who are right-handed.

Answer 26

Right Hemisphere

Question 27

Parts of the human brain

Answer 27

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal Lobe(Cerebrum) Cerebellum Spinal Cord

Question 28

located at the front of the brain, behind the forehead Their main functions are associated with higher cognitive functions, including problem-solving, decision-making, attention, intelligence, and voluntary behaviors.

Answer 28

Frontal Lobe

Question 29

The frontal lobes contain the _________ responsible for planning and coordinating movements.

Answer 29

motor cortex

Question 30

It also contains the _________, which is responsible for initiating higher-lever cognitive functioning, and Broca’s Area, which is essential for language production.

Answer 30

prefrontal cortex

Question 31

located on both sides of the brain, near the temples of the head

Answer 31

Temporal Lobe

Question 32

The main functions of these lobes include understanding, language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception, and auditory information processing.

Answer 32

Temporal Lobe

Question 33

The left lobe also contains a vital language center known as ___________, which is essential for language development

Answer 33

Wernicke’s area

Question 34

are located at the back of the brain behind the temporal and parietal lobes and below the occipital bone of the skull .

Answer 34

Occipital Lobe

Question 35

are located at the back of the brain behind the temporal and parietal lobes and below the occipital bone of the skull .

Answer 35

Occipital Lobe