Human Nutrition

Question 1

Autotrophic nutrition

Answer 1

Organisms make own food eg photosynthesis and chemosynthesis (use of chemical energy).

Question 2

Heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 2

Organisms take in food

Question 3

Heterotrophic examples

Answer 3

Omnivores, carnivores and herbivivores.

Question 4

Heterotrophic nutrition involves

Answer 4

• Ingestion (taking in food)
• Digestion (breaking down food)
• Absorption (food entering the body)
• Egestion (removing waste)

Question 5

Four types of teeth

Answer 5

Canines, incisors, pre-molars, molars.

Question 6

Human dental formula

Answer 6

2(I2/2 C1/1 PM2/2 M3/3)

Question 7

Enzyme working in mouth

Answer 7

Amylase-starch to maltose

Question 8

Oesophagus

Answer 8

Muscular pipe

Moves food by peristalsis

Question 9

Peristalsis

Answer 9

A wave of muscular action that forces food through the intestines.

Question 10

Fibre

Answer 10

Stimulates peristalsis.

Question 11

Stomach

Answer 11

Stores & digests food.

Muscular bag, churns food to chyme.

Question 12

Stomach lining makes

Answer 12

Mucus
Pepsinogen (becomes pepsin in acid- breaks protein down)
HCL Acid (pH 1-2) kills bacteria, softens food.

Question 13

Pancreas makes

Answer 13

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (neutralises HCl from stomach)
Amylase
Lipase (breaks lipids down to fatty acid and glycerol)

Question 14

Digestive role of liver

Answer 14

Makes bile
Makes sodium hydrogen carbonate
Stores nutrients and vits A, D, K
Stores iron

Question 15

Small intestine functions

Answer 15

Digestion

Absorption

Question 16

Three parts of small intestine

Answer 16

1. Duodenum
2. Ileum
3. A single villus

Question 17

Duodenum

Answer 17

Where most digestion takes place.

Question 18

Ileum function

Answer 18

Absorption.
Villi increase surface area.
Glucose and amino acids absorbed into bloodstream-liver.

Question 19

A single villus

Answer 19

Fatty acids and glycerol absorbed into lacteal.

All other digested food absorbed into blood vessels.

Question 20

Large intestine two parts

Answer 20

Colon

Rectum

Question 21

Functions of colon

Answer 21

Reabsorb water
Produce B group vitamins (symbiotic bacteria)
Digest cellulose. (Symbiotic bacteria)

Question 22

Rectum function

Answer 22

Stores faeces.

Question 23

Bile

Answer 23

Stored in gall bladder

Emulsifies fat, neutralises chyme from stomach.

Question 24

7 nutrients

Answer 24

Proteins
Fats
Carbs
Vits
Mins
Water

Question 25

Four food groups

Answer 25

Cereals, bread & potatoes (6+) Fruit and veg (4+) Milk, cheese and yoghurt (4) Meat, fish and poultry (2)