Human nutrition and biological molecules P.1

Question 1

What chemical elements are present in carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 2

What chemical elements are present in proteins?

Answer 2

Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 3

What chemical elements are present in lipids?

Answer 3

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 4

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 4

Simple sugars
Glucose and maltose molecules join together in a long chain to form starch and glycogen

Question 5

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 5

Long chains of amino acids

Question 6

What are lipid made up of?

Answer 6

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

What are the roles of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Answer 7

Enzymes speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body

Question 8

How does temperature affect enzyme function?

Answer 8

-Firstly it speeds up the reaction
- so the enzymes and substrate have more energy so move around more which means more collisions
-reaches optimum temperature
-if it becomes too hot the bonds holding the enzyme will break and the enymes denatures

Question 9

How are enzymes functions affected by changes in pH altering the active site?

Answer 9

If pH too high or too low - not at optimum pH - the bonds holding enzyme together can get damaged or enzyme can become denatured.

Question 10

What 7 food groups should a balanced diet contain?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Mineral ions
Water
Fibre

Question 11

In which foods are carbohydrates found?

Answer 11

Pasta, rice, sugar

Question 12

In which foods are lipids found?

Answer 12

Butter, oily fish

Question 13

In which foods are proteins found?

Answer 13

Meat, fish

Question 14

In which foods are vitamins found?

Answer 14

Vitamin A - liver
Vitamin C - fruit
Vitamin D - eggs

Question 15

In which foods are mineral ions found?

Answer 15

Calcium - milk, cheese
iron - red meat

Question 16

In which foods is water found?

Answer 16

Food and drink

Question 17

In which foods is fibre found?

Answer 17

Wholemeal bread, fruit

Question 18

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Provide energy

Question 19

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 19

Provide energy, act as an energy store and provide insulation

Question 20

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 20

Needed for growth and repair of tissue, and to provide energy in emergencies

Question 21

What is the function of vitamins?

Answer 21

Vitamin A - To help improve vision, keep skin and hair healthy
Vitamin C - To prevent scurvy
Vitamin D - for calcium absorption (vit D also made by body when exposed to the sun)

Question 22

What is the function of mineral ions?

Answer 22

Calcium - to make bones and teeth
Iron - to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 23

What is the function of water?

Answer 23

Evey bodily function relies on water, we need a constant supply to replace water lost through urinating, breathing and sweating

Question 24

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 24

Helps movement of food through the gut

Question 25

How do energy requirements vary in different people?

Answer 25

- more active people need more energy - children and teenagers need more energy than older people because they need energy to grow and are generally more active - pregnant women need more energy to provide the energy for the baby to grow