Human nutrition-Biological molecules,food tests, balanced diet

Question 1

what are biological molecules

Answer 1

biological molecules are things such as carbs, lipids and proteins. They are long complex molecules made of smaller units.

Question 2

what are carbs made of

Answer 2

simple sugars such as maltose or glucose .

Question 3

name 2 large, complex carbs

Answer 3

starch and glycogen

Question 4

what smaller unit is starch made out of

Answer 4

maltose (and other simple sugars such as glucose)

Question 5

What elements make up carb molecules

Answer 5

CHO

Question 6

What are proteins made of

Answer 6

amino acids

Question 7

what elements made up amino acids

Answer 7

CHON

Question 8

What are lipids

Answer 8

fats and oils

Question 9

what are lipids made up of

Answer 9

lipids are made up of fatty acids and GLYCEROL

Question 10

what elements make up lipids

Answer 10

CHO

Question 11

what do carbs provide in a diet

Answer 11

energy

Question 12

why are proteins needed in a diet

Answer 12

needed for growth and tissue repair

and to provide energy in emergencies

Question 13

what do lipids provide in a diet

Answer 13

provide insulation and provide energy

Question 14

what is fibre needed in a diet

Answer 14

to aid the movement of food through the body for excretion

Question 15

why do we need water in a diet

Answer 15

to stay hydrated and to replace water loss through sweating, urinatating etc

Question 16

what are the different mineral ions we need in a diet and what do we need them for

Answer 16

calcium-to help made bones and teeth

iron-to help make haemoglonib for healthy blood

Question 17

why are the different types of vitamins we need in our diets

Answer 17

vitamin A
vitamin C
Vitamin D

Question 18

what does vitamin D help with

Answer 18

calcium absorption

Question 19

what does vitamin C help with

Answer 19

prvention of scurvy

Question 20

what does vitamin A help with

Answer 20

vision and helps to keep skin and hair healthy

Question 21

give and example of proteins

Answer 21

chicken, pork

Question 22

give an example of carbs

Answer 22

pasta and rice

Question 23

give an example of lipids

Answer 23

butter and oily fish

Question 24

give an example of food that contain iron

Answer 24

red meat, spinach

Question 25

give an example of a food that has vitamin a in

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

give an example of a food that has vitamin c in

Answer 26

oranges

Question 27

give and example of a food that has vitamin d in

Answer 27

eggs

Question 28

what an example of fibre

Answer 28

fruit, wholemeal bread

Question 29

calcium example?

Answer 29

milk

Question 30

what can the Benedict's test be used for

Answer 30

TO FIND GLUCOSE -SUGAR

Question 31

what can iodine solution be used to find

Answer 31

TO FIND STARCH- CARBS

Question 32

what can emulsion test be used to find

Answer 32

TO FIND LIPIDS-FATS

Question 33

what can the biuret test be used to find

Answer 33

TO FIND PROTEINS

Question 34

what is the test for starch and can you explain it

Answer 34

the test for starch is the iodine solution test 1. get a small crushed up sample of you food and put it on a tile 2. place a few drops 2-3 of iodine solution onto you sample 3. if starch present it will be blue-black, if not if will stay brown yellow

Question 35

what is the test for lipids and can you explain it

Answer 35

the test for lipids is the emulsion test 1.crush up a food sample and put it into a test tube that is half filled with ethanol 2.shake the test tube to dissolve the food into the ethanol 4.pour the mixture into a test tube half filled with water 4.if fair is present it will go white if not present it will be clear

Question 36

what is the test for protein and can you explain it

Answer 36

the test for proteins in the biuret test 1.put 2cm3 of food sample into test tube 2.add 2cm3 of sodium hydroxide 3.add 2cm3 of copper sulphate solution 4.shake and leave 1 min 5.if protein present will go purple if not will be dark blue

Question 37

whats the test for sugars and can you explain it

Answer 37

the test for sugar is the Benedict's test 1. 2cm3 into a test tube 2. add 2cm3 of benedicts solution 3. place in a water bath for 3 mins 4. if sugar present brick red, if not clear blue

Question 38

what does the amount of energy needed for a person depend on

Answer 38

- their age - their activity levels - if they are pregnant

Question 39

How do carbs, protein and get broken down into simple sugars,fatty acids and amino acids?

Answer 39

By digestive enzymes

Question 40

Why do bigger molecules get broken down into the smaller molecules?

Answer 40

In order to pass through the walls of the digestive system

Question 41

what enzymes convert starch to maltose to glucose

Answer 41

starch-----> enzyme amylase maltose | maltose--->enzyme maltease----> glucose

Question 42

what enzyme coverts proteins into amino acids

Answer 42

protease

Question 43

what enzyme convert lipids to fatty acids/ glycerol

Answer 43

lipase

Question 44

what is the function of bile

Answer 44

bile emulsifies (breaks down) fats ingto ti y droplets to make digestion faster. Bile also neutralises hydrochloric acid which in the stomach

Question 45

where is bile produced

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

how does food move through the gut

Answer 46

by peristalsis

Question 47

what is peristalsis

Answer 47

peristalsis is the squeezing action of muscle tissues within the alimentary canal which move food through the gut

Question 48

where is bile stored

Answer 48

gall bladder

Question 49

where is bile used

Answer 49

small intestine

Question 50

where is the enzyme amylase produced

Answer 50

in the salivary glands in the mouth

Question 51

what do the large intestine do

Answer 51

store execss water from food

Question 52

what do the small intestine do

Answer 52

absorb nutrients and produces protease, amylase and lipase

Question 53

whats the difference between excretion and egestion

Answer 53

excretion is the removal of metabolic waste where as egestion is the removal of undigested food

Question 54

what are faeces stored and expelled

Answer 54

stored in the colon rectum | expelled through the anus

Question 55

what is ingestion

Answer 55

the taking in of food from the mouth

Question 56

what is chemical digestion

Answer 56

the breakdown of food using chemicals such as enzyme

Question 57

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 57

the breakdown of food using movement such as chewing

Question 58

whats malnutrition

Answer 58

malnutrition refers to a poor diet