Human Organism Overview

Question 1

Define: a balance in the body’s internal environment

Answer 1

homeostasis (invol)

Question 2

Define: scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure, such as the size and shape of a bone

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

Define: scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

Answer 3

Physiology

Question 4

What are the 5 relevant ions?

Answer 4

sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, calcium

Question 5

Define: structures examined without a microscope

Answer 5

Gross

Question 6

Define: studied area by area

Answer 6

Regional

Question 7

Define: studied system by system

Answer 7

Systemic

Question 8

Define: external form used to visualize deeper structures

Answer 8

Surface

Question 9

Define: study of cellular anatomy

Answer 9

Cytology

Question 10

Define: study of tissues

Answer 10

Histology

Question 11

Define X-Ray

Answer 11

Electromagnetic radiation moves through body and is exposed on photographic plate; creates radiograph

Question 12

Define ultrasound

Answer 12

Sound waves pass into body and bounce back to receiver; visualized as a sonogram

Question 13

Define: computer-analyzed x-ray images

Answer 13

Computed Tomography (C T)

Question 14

Define: Digital Subtraction Angiography (D S A):

Answer 14

Similar to a C T scan but uses a radiopaque dye to enhance differences in areas

Question 15

Define: radio waves directed to patient while under electromagnetic field; radio waves collected and analyzed by computer.

Answer 15

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (M R I)

Question 16

Define: Positron Emission Tomography (P E T)

Answer 16

Radioactively labeled glucose usage by a tissue is detected; provides info on metabolic state.

Question 17

This is describing the use of what imaging?: Structures that are dense (such as bone) will appear white, air will be black, and other structures will be shades of gray depending on density. *** Sutures = joints Gomphosis (teeth) that do NOT move

Answer 17

X-Ray

Question 18

What weeks in a pregnancy can you use an ultrasound to determine the gender of the fetus?

Answer 18

16 & 22

Question 19

You can use what type of imaging to see the following:
View the uterus and ovaries during pregnancy and monitor the developing baby’s health.
Diagnose gallbladder disease.
Evaluate blood flow.
Guide a needle for biopsy or tumor treatment.
Examine a breast lump.
Check the thyroid gland.
Find genital and prostate problems.

Answer 19

Ultrasound

Question 20

“ultrasound waves are used to break the kidney stone into smaller pieces, which can pass out with the urine.” is called?

Answer 20

Extracorporeal (situated or occurring outside the body!!) shock-wave **lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 21

What is the imaging being used here called?: is atype ofX-ray used to checkblood vessels. Blood vessels do not show clearly on a normal X-ray, so a special dye called a contrast agent needs to be injected into your blood first. This highlights your blood vessels, allowing your doctor to see any problems

Answer 21

Angiography

Question 22

What imaging technique is more effective to identify some forms of cancer? MRI or CT

Answer 22

MRI

Question 23

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 23

epithelial, connective, muscular (Ex = AP), and nervous (Ex = AP).; ALL 4 have RMP! = Difference in charge across a membrane

Question 24

Is the epidermis living?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What is the largest organ in the human body?

Answer 25

Skin

Question 26

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D; are all parts of the outer layer of the body and include? (4 things)

Answer 26

Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

Question 27

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat. Consists of bones (source of Ca++ and blood cells – marrow cavities x 2), associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints. What am I?

Answer 27

Skeletal system

Question 28

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons. What am I?

Answer 28

Muscular system (**Can control voluntarily that has an outward, visible manifestation = skeletal muscle).

Question 29

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. What am I?

Answer 29

Nervous system

Question 30

Endocrine system literally means 'into blood' which means ____?

Answer 30

Hormones

Question 31

The FOUR hormones that elevate blood sugar (combat hypoglycemia) are?

Answer 31

Epinephrine(Adrenaline); Growth Hormone (GH); Cortisol (the stress hormone); Glucagon for alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Question 32

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood = hemodynamics = living organisms respond. What am I?

Answer 32

Circulatory system

Question 33

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs. What am I?

Answer 33

Lymphatic system

Question 34

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH (if CO2 up = pH is down). What am I?

Answer 34

Respiratory system

Question 35

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs. What am I?

Answer 35

Digestive system

Question 36

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine. What am I?

Answer 36

Urinary system

Question 37

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures. What am I?

Answer 37

Female repro system

Question 38

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis. What am I?

Answer 38

Male repro system

Question 39

Define: the ability to used energy to perform vital functions; all chemical reactions of the body.

Answer 39

Metabolism

Question 40

Define: ability to sense changes in the interior and exterior environment and adjust; cell-to-cell communication is necessary

Answer 40

Responsiveness

Question 41

Define: changes in an organism over time.

Answer 41

Development

Question 42

Define: change from general to specific

Answer 42

Differentiation

Question 43

Define: change in shape of tissues, organs, or the entire organism

Answer 43

Morphogenesis

Question 44

Define: : formation of new cells or new organisms for growth and development; allows organisms to pass on their genes to their offspring

Answer 44

Reproduction

Question 45

Define: monitors the value of some variable by detecting a stimulus (a change in the variable)

Answer 45

Receptor

Question 46

Define: establishes the set point and receives input from the receptor.

Answer 46

Control center

Question 47

Define: generates the response which can change the value of the variable. Respond to stimuli

Answer 47

Effector (some are **Vol and some are invol)

Question 48

______ regulates your body **temperature, responding to internal and external stimuli and making adjustments to keep the body within one or two degrees of 98.6F degrees

Answer 48

Hypothalamus

Question 49

The regulation of your internal body temperature is a negative or positive feedback loop?

Answer 49

Negative

Question 50

Once your brain receives signals from the hypothalamus to begin producing sweat due to increased body temperature. Then you rest bringing you body temp back down to normal and you stop sweating. This is an example of a _____ feedback loop.

Answer 50

Negative

Question 51

Medulla = ____ ____(BP)

Answer 51

Blood Pressure

Question 52

Childbirth, lactation, and blood clotting are examples of _____ feedback

Answer 52

Positive

Question 53

Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward is what body position?

Answer 53

Anatomical

Question 54

lying face upward is what body position?

Answer 54

Supine

Question 55

lying face downward is what body position

Answer 55

Prone