Human Origins Ch.5 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Life was created by Intelligent beings but also able to evolve from one form to another.
Intelligent Design Theory
Life was existed by natural process. Once a species arose, it would change constantly by natural force known, through favorable conditions or various challenges.
* Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
Ideas of “ the survival of the fittest” is not by Charles Darwin but by a Sociologist (?) who stole Darwin’s evolutionary idea.
Herbert Spencer
Mechanism for natural selection
Mutation
Gene migration
Gene Drift
Changes in genetic levels ( happens all the time and never noticed.) Most mutations are harmful and dangerous but rarely become positive forces for changes.
Mutations
A new set of genes come from a different area and mixes with old population to creat a new population.
Gene Migration
When a size of a population is too small, there are reductions of variety, hence, everyone shares some genes
- where the ultimate home of the two legged creatures including humans
Gene Drift
Developed to protect our body from sun light ( ultra violet ray). Melanin is a chemical to protect our skin from U.V. Ray to course skin cancer.
Dark Skin
Developed to observe sun light to produced Vitamin D which is essential for the growth.
Light Skin
A group of related organisms that can “ Interbreed” and “produced” fertile offsprings
Species
Walking with two leg/using two legs to move around
Bipedalism
Types of adaptation
Genetic adaptation
Developmental adaptation
Cultural adaptation
Acclimatization
Changes in genetic levels ( can happen to any species )
Genetic adaptation
Animal growth and development can be influenced by non-genetic factors such as nutrition,diseases and social stresses
Developmental adaptation
Temporary adjustment in bodies of all species to environment
Cultural adaptation
Two legged creatures ( human and our ancestors)
- creatures with bipedalism
Hominid
Homo Erectus indifferent regions developed into modern human ( and races)
Multi regional origin
Modern human developed in a place ( E. Africa) then spread all over the world. Once they encountered the other huminid ( homo- Neanderthal), they replaced Neanderthals
Single Origin ( or replacement model)
Homo - Neanderthal( caveman ) and homo- Sapiens Sapiens interbred and created mixed population
Hybridization theory
Theory was a women who survived 160000 years ago passed down her mitochondria DNA and all the people in the world have her genes ( she is the genetic Eve and is from E. Africa)
Eve Theory
All the life forms were created by a powerful being (God) hence, there should be “NO Changes” after creation
Creationism
The beginning ( time of creation) 14 billion years ago
Deep time
Two legged creatures including humans and our ancestors
- genome project 2000
- DNA Structure 1953
Hominids
Bones become stone ( inorganic matters)
- study by :
Fossil
- paleoanthropology
