Human Osteology: The skull and dentition

Question 1

What is the structure os a flat bone of the skull?

Answer 1

Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

External table: compact bone
Diploe: Spongy bone
Internal table: compact bone

Question 2

What are the six views of the skull?

Answer 2

Frontal
Right Lateral
Left Lateral
Posterior
Coronal (Superior)
Basal (Inferior)

Question 3

Anterior View of Skull

Answer 3

Major structures are frontal bone, zygomatic bone, maxillae and mandible

Maxilla and mandible bear teeth

Orbits: Cone shaped fossae with their apices oriented posteriorly
- Nasolacrimal canal
- Optic foramen

Question 4

Posterior View of Skull

Answer 4

Parietal and occipital bones are major structures

Lambdoid suture: between parietals and occipital

Sutural bones: may be present

External occipital protuberance:
- Ligamentum nuchae: helps keep head erect
- Nuchal lines: neck muscle attachment points

Question 5

Function of Superior View of the Skull

Answer 5

• Protects brain
• Support organs of special senses
• Provides foundation for structure that take air, food and water into body

Question 6

Define Sutures

Answer 6

A type of fibrous joint that only occurs in the skull
It can become fused and smooth in old age

Question 7

What are the 5 sutures

Answer 7

Coronal (between the frontal and parietal bones)
Paired lambdoid (parietal and interparietal bones)
Saggittal )between parietal bones)
Squamosoal
Basilar

Question 8

Parts of the Skull

Answer 8

• Cranium
  The skull without the mandible
• Calvaria
  The cranium without the face
• Splanchnocranium
  The face
• Naurocranium
  The braincase
• Mandible
• Calotte
• The part which is cut off to access the brain during autopsy

Question 8

Parts of Calvarium

Answer 8

• Occipital
• Parietal
• Frontal
• Temporal
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid

Question 9

Parts of Splanchnocranium

Answer 9

• Zygomatics (2)
• Maxilla (2)
• Palatine (2)
• Nasal (2)
• Lacrimal (2)
• Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
• Vomer (1)

Question 10

Zygomatic

Answer 10

1. A pair of diamond-shaped
   Irregularly shaped bones that protrude laterally and Form the prominence of the cheeks
   Locate the orbit and orient so it lies lateral
   - the orbital surface is superior/medial

Question 11

Function of the Zygomatic

Answer 11

Help give shape and structure to the face
- connected to the jaw and bones near the ears, forehead and skull

Protect the nerves and blood vessels which run through the face + provide an attachment for muscles that help the jaw move (cheekbone)

Question 12

What are the stages of tooth formation

Answer 12

Tooth development is commonly divided into the following stages:
the initiation stage,
the bud stage,
the cap stage,
the bell stage
maturation.

Question 13

What are the stages of tooth formation

Answer 13

Tooth development is commonly divided into the following stages:
- initiation
- bud
- cap
- bell
- maturation

Question 14

What are the different forms of teeth?

Answer 14

Incisors: eight teeth are are most visible
Canines: Moving outward in the mouth - rip and tear food apart
Premolars (Bicuspids): Serve the purpose of chewing and grinding up food
Molars: serve the primary functions of chewing and grinding food