Human Paper

Question 1

What is ‘sense of place’?

Answer 1

The emotional and subjective attachment people have to a location.

Question 2

What is placemaking?

Answer 2

A collaborative process in planning, design, and management to make spaces meaningful and attractive.

Question 3

What is time-space compression?

Answer 3

The idea that advances in transport and communication reduce perceived distance.

Question 4

What is glocalisation?

Answer 4

Adaptation of global products or ideas to suit local cultures or contexts.

Question 5

What are formal representations of place?

Answer 5

Objective data like census results, maps, and government statistics.

Question 6

What are informal representations of place?

Answer 6

Subjective portrayals in media, art, graffiti, film, and social platforms.

Question 7

What is rebranding?

Answer 7

A strategy aimed at changing the image of a place to attract investment or people.

Question 8

What is reimaging?

Answer 8

Altering public perceptions by highlighting positive aspects of a place.

Question 9

What is regeneration?

Answer 9

Long-term renewal of areas suffering decline, involving physical, social, and economic change.

Question 10

What is the digital divide?

Answer 10

The gap between groups with and without access to technology and the internet.

Question 11

What is a diaspora?

Answer 11

A dispersed population with a shared homeland, maintaining cultural ties across borders.

Question 12

Name two contrasting UK places studied.

Answer 12

Toxteth (Liverpool) and Lympstone (Devon).

Question 13

Name two global contrasting places studied.

Answer 13

Irvine, California and Jembatan Besi, Jakarta.

Question 14

What % of Toxteth’s population is White British?

Answer 14

~60%.

Question 15

What % of Lympstone’s population is White British?

Answer 15

97.8%.

Question 16

What is the dominant housing type in Toxteth?

Answer 16

55% rented (private and social housing).

Question 17

What is the dominant housing type in Lympstone?

Answer 17

75% owner-occupied.

Question 18

What religion is most prominent in Toxteth?

Answer 18

Islam (~50%).

Question 19

What religion is most prominent in Lympstone?

Answer 19

Christianity.

Question 20

What was the goal of the CB1 development?

Answer 20

Rebrand the area around Cambridge railway station into a modern mixed-use quarter.

Question 21

How much private investment did CB1 attract?

Answer 21

£725 million.

Question 22

Name three criticisms of the CB1 development.

Answer 22

• Lack of affordable housing
• Architectural mismatch
• Commercial dominance

Question 23

What is brand artefact?

Answer 23

Physical features like buildings or monuments that shape place identity.

Question 24

What is brand essence?

Answer 24

The emotional and experiential meaning people associate with a place.

Question 25

What is South–South migration?

Answer 25

Movement between developing countries, e.g., Laos → Thailand.

Question 26

What % of global migrants are involved in South–South migration?

Answer 26

Over 40%.

Question 27

How many migrants live abroad from Laos?

Answer 27

~1.3 million.

Question 28

Why do Laotians migrate to Thailand?

Answer 28

Higher wages, cultural similarity, and proximity.

Question 29

How much does Laos receive in remittances (2023)?

Answer 29

$225 million (1.42% of GDP).

Question 30

What is the USA's H-1B visa?

Answer 30

A visa for highly skilled professionals (e.g., tech, engineering).

Question 31

What is the USA's H-2A visa?

Answer 31

Seasonal visa for agricultural workers.

Question 32

What is the USA's H-2B visa?

Answer 32

Seasonal visa for low-skilled non-agricultural work (e.g., hospitality, construction).

Question 33

How many foreign-born people lived in the USA (2025)?

Answer 33

53.5 million (~15% of the population).

Question 34

What % of US immigrants are undocumented?

Answer 34

~20%.

Question 35

What caused Detroit’s economic decline?

Answer 35

Deindustrialisation, automation, and offshoring of car manufacturing.

Question 36

What was Detroit’s peak population vs now?

Answer 36

1.85 million in 1950; under 600,000 today.

Question 37

What % of Detroit residents live in poverty?

Answer 37

38%.

Question 38

How many abandoned buildings are in Detroit?

Answer 38

Over 70,000.

Question 39

What is Wollongong known for historically?

Answer 39

Coal and steel manufacturing (Port Kembla Steelworks).

Question 40

How has Wollongong diversified?

Answer 40

University investment, innovation campus, health and education sectors.

Question 41

What is a remittance?

Answer 41

Money sent home by migrants to support families in their origin country.

Question 42

Which country has the highest remittances as % of GDP?

Answer 42

Tajikistan (~45%).

Question 43

Why do many African migrants pass through Libya?

Answer 43

Political instability, lack of border control, and proximity to Europe.

Question 44

What is the Mediterranean migration death toll since 2014?

Answer 44

Over 32,000 recorded; likely undercounted.

Question 45

Which route is most dangerous for migrants to Europe?

Answer 45

Central Mediterranean (e.g., Libya to Italy).

Question 46

Who proposed the concept of ‘global sense of place’?

Answer 46

Doreen Massey.

Question 47

What does Massey’s theory argue?

Answer 47

Places are shaped by global connections and interactions, not isolated.

Question 48

Who coined the term ‘topophilia’?

Answer 48

Yi-Fu Tuan.

Question 49

What is topophilia?

Answer 49

The emotional bond between people and place.

Question 50

What does ‘assess’ mean in exam questions?

Answer 50

Weigh up evidence and make a judgment on significance or impact.

Question 51

What does ‘evaluate’ mean?

Answer 51

Consider strengths and weaknesses, with a reasoned conclusion.

Question 52

What does ‘explain’ require?

Answer 52

Provide reasons or causes for a statement or process.

Question 53

What is meant by ‘analyse’?

Answer 53

Break down a concept into components and explore relationships.