Human Performance & Limitations - Collision Avoidance Flashcards
List the 3 basic stages of collision avoudance?
Detection, decision, evasive action
If two aircraft a (assuming constant speed and heading) are on a converging collision course, will the target aircraft appear to remain stationary or track across the windscreen?
Remain stationary
Outside a visual cone with an apex angle of 10deg, will the maximum range at which a target can be sigted be reduced to approximately one-half or one-tenth of the maximum central vision range?
One-tenth
True or False - For two aircraft to collide, must they be at the same altitude AND they must have a constant elevation angle (vertical) to each other?
True
Is it possible for the converging paths to meet when the relative bearing between two aircraft is not constant?
Yes, if the speed heading or rate of climb/descent are changing
In collision avoidance, the total time of 12.5sec should be considered as the minimum or maximum average delay from detection to evasive action?
Minimum (amount of time)
If the visual field of one eye is obstructed by a windscreen post/ airframe pillar for instance, would opposing traffic not be seen in the peripheral vision or in the blind spot?
Blind spot
Name 2 operational situations that are conducive to mid-air collisions, particularly for student pilots
Take-off and landing at busy terminals, and/or
Entry into the traffic pattern, and/or
crowded airspace en route (over radio aid), and/or
flying in ‘empty field’ conditions
In normal flight, approximately what size of an area to the left and right and an area above and below your flight path should you scan?
Approximately 60deg to the left and right, and an area approximately 20deg above and below your flight path
If an aircraft does not move horizontally and vertically on your windscreen but is increasing in size, what should you do?
Take evasive action immediately
Aviate - navigate - communicate
When visually scanning, what is the approximate amount of time that should be taken during each saccade/ rest cycle?
0.33 sec / one-third of a second
When visually scanning, why would you normally pause and refocus for a second or two at the end of each ‘scan block’?
To allow your peripheral vision to detect any movement
Do most mid-air collisions occur in good or bad weather?
Good!
True or False - do most mid-ar collisions occur in daylight, over the weekend and when operating in VFR?
True
During flight, in order to scan effectively to avoid a collision, should you eyes be focused outside of the cockpit for about 80% or 20% of the time?
80%
