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Human Population Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is population

A

All the organisms of one species living in a defined area

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2
Q

What is population density

A

The density of people in an area
- Usually defined by number of people in square kilometers

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3
Q

What is population distribution

A

the pattern of where people live and how it is distributed around the world

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4
Q

What is exponential growth

A

when the growth rate of a population increases rapidly over time

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5
Q

What are the three ways distribution can be described as

A

Dispersed, Concentrated, Linear Pattern

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6
Q

Describe a dispersed population

A

People living far apart
Low population Density
usually in rural areas

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7
Q

Describe a concentrated population

A

People living closely together
High population density
usually in urban areas

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8
Q

Describe a linear population

A

a population distribution along a line or corridor, often influenced by geographical features like rivers, coastlines, or transportation routes.

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9
Q

What is the equation for population density

A

Population Density = People/Area

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10
Q

log phase

A

period of exponential growth in a population

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11
Q

lag phase

A

“flat” period of adjustment/enlargement
little growth to a population

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12
Q

Carrying capacity

A

largest number of individuals of a population, when cells are dying at the same rate they are being produced

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13
Q

Birth rate

A

number of babies born over time period

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14
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths over specific time period

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15
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

Difference between birth/death rate
Birth Rate - Death Rate = Natural Increase

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16
Q

Pronatalist

A

government encouraging birthrates

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17
Q

Antinatalist

A

Government discouraging birthrates

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18
Q

Migration

A

movement of people

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19
Q

Immigration

A

moving into country

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20
Q

Emmigration

A

Leaving country

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21
Q

MEDC

A

more economically developed country/countries

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22
Q

LEDC

A

Less economically developed country/countries

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23
Q

Factors that influence population growth

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Economic development
    • Early stages of economic development tend to have higher growth rates
    • agriculturally based society have more children
    • societies without state pensions = more kids to act as insurance for old age
      • higher child mortality rates = more kids so more chances of survival
24
Q

What is population structure?

Study These Flashcards
A

describes how the population is made up in terms of age and sex.

25
How do you categorise population?
Population Structure
26
What is the Population Structure System
0-14 Young Dependant 15-64 Independent 65+ Old Dependant
27
What are population pyramids?
A way to present population structure, showing males, females, ages, and percentage of population
28
Dependent
Young and old people in the population. Use money in the form of taxes for educational or health support.
29
Independent
Often middle-aged population that are paying taxes but are able to live without support from taxes
30
What does a broad shape at the top of a population pyramid show?
Long living population
31
What do bulges show in population pyramids?
period of immigration or baby boom
32
Does a high pyramid mean people live longer or shorter?
Longer
33
What do indents show in population pyramids?
Higher death rates than normal, due to wars, famine, disease, emmigrating, etc.
34
What does a wide base show in population pyramids?
Large number of children (high birth rate)
35
What does a narrow base show in population pyramids?
Small number of kids (low birth rate)
36
In LEDCs, are more people in urban areas or rural areas?
Rural
37
In MEDCs, are more people in urban areas or rural areas?
Urban
38
Why do people move from rural to urban?
As a country becomes more economically developed, there is a shift from agriculture-based jobs in rural areas to jobs that can be done in urban areas (diverse jobs).
39
Push factors from Rural to Urban (7)
Poverty Work only in farming Population pressure on land Drought and Famine Lack of services, including schools, hospitals, water, and electricity Poor accessibility-poor road surfaces Low living standards
40
Pull factors for Rural to urban (6)
Better paid jobs Variety of work and more jobs Reliable food supplies Variety of services, including hospitals, schools, water, and electricity Paved roads Higher living standards, better housing
41
Push factors from Urban to rural (5)
Too loud Too crowded Pollution Crime High cost of living
42
Pull factors for Urban to rural
Quiet Scenic Green spaces Little to no pollution Little to no crime Lower cost of living
43
What are reasons for voluntary migration?
Retirement to a pleasanter areas or to live near family Economic migration- for work or for higher wages and a better standard of living To live near friends or relatives
44
What are reasons for involuntary migration?
Refugees- to escape persecution and danger during war, revolution, or violent regime Environmental- refugees escape from natural disasters
45
Why is a fast population growth concerning?
Might not have resources for a growing population (food, water, housing) Not enough jobs for a growing population Pressure on schools and hospitals
46
Why is a slow population growth concerning?
Older people will need more healthcare Increase in government spending on pensions Lower working population Fewer children born in the future Difficult to find candidates for jobs
47
Population policies
implemented by governments, are a series of actions introduced to a country to adjust the country's population size
48
Pronatalist Strategies
A national or regional policy that aims to encourage couples to have children
49
Antinatalist Strategies
A national or regional strategy that aims to discourage couples from having children
50
Immigration policy
Used to control the number of immigrants to enter or leave a country
51
Contraception
A range of methods used to prevent pregnancy
52
Sterilization
A range of medical procedures that makes individuals unable to produce offspring
53
Pronatalist aims to inc/decr population
Increase
54
Antinatalist aims to inc/decr population
Decrease
55
What are some pronatalist strategies
Less tax paid the more childrn a person has Payment for women to stay off work following the birth of their child (maternity leave) Subsidized day care for children under the age of three Free schooling for children aged over three.
56
What are some antinatalist strategies?
Free contraception and sterilization, sometimes with a payment to people who agree to be sterilized Incentives, including cash and priority school places, to people with small families Withdrawing tax allowances from people with large families Education about family planning Legalized abortion Advertisements in the media and on posters Limiting family size by law

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