Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation is when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

The fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When an egg and a sperm cell fuse, what do they form?

A

A zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give two examples of gametes:

A

An egg cell
A sperm cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the next stage of development after an embryo?

A

A fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 2 types of reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 4 examples of asexual reproduction:

A

Bacteria, yeast, plants, jellyfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give 4 examples of sexual reproduction:

A

Fish, reptiles, birds, insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 2 adaptations of an egg cell:

A

The size of the egg- allows more space for nutrients to be stored inside the cell
Nucleus- contains genetic information of the mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference in formation between identical and non-identical twins?

A

Identical: one egg splits in half and only one sperm cell fertilises the egg cell
Non-identical: 2 egg cells are fertilised by 2 sperm at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the female hormone used in puberty?

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the amniotic sac?

A

It surrounds the fetus during pregnancy, protecting the fetus from injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What day on the menstrual clock does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does the uterus lining break down?

A

Because it builds itself up when an egg is released, but if it is not fertilised, then the lining breaks down and bleeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do substances pass from the fetus to the mother and back? Give examples of these substances:

A

The placenta lets substances pass between the two blood supplies: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the placenta from the mother to the fetus. Co2 and other waste products diffuse from the fetus to the mother.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of ovary:

A

The ovaries are a pair of female glands where the eggs form and where the female hormones are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Uterus lining function:

A

To nurture the fertilised age that develops into a fetus and holding the baby till its mature enough for birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of the sperm duct:

A

To move sperm away from its storage place in the testes

20
Q

Function of testes:

A

To make sperm and to produce testosterone

21
Q

Name 5 changes boys experience through puberty:

A
  • voice deepens
  • pubic hair grows
  • testes start to make sperm cells
  • testes and penis get bigger
  • shoulders get wider
22
Q

Name 5 changes females experience through puberty:

A
  • breasts develop
  • ovaries start to release eggs
  • hips get wider
  • pubic hair grows
  • stronger body smell
23
Q

What is the name of the period of life between puberty and adulthood?

A

Adolescence

24
Q

3 ways a sperm cell has adapted to its function:

A
  • a flagellum (tail) to help it to swim up the fallopian tube
  • a nucleus to carry the genetic information of the father
  • lots of mitochondria so it has lots of energy to swim to the egg cell
25
Q

Function of penis:

A

Organ which passes semen and urine of the man’s body (but not at the same time)

26
Q

Function of bladder:

A

Stores urine

27
Q

Function of glands:

A

Produces fluids that provide the sperm with nutrients. This mixture of sperm and fluid is called semen

28
Q

Function of sperm duct:

A

Tube through which sperm travels on the way to the glands

29
Q

Urethra function:

A

The tube inside the penis that carries the urine or semen. A ring of muscle makes sure that there is no chance of urine and semen getting mixed up

30
Q

Testes function:

A

Organs which make the male gamete, sperm and also the hormone testosterone

31
Q

Foreskin function:

A

Skin that protects the end of the penis

32
Q

Scrotum function:

A

A bag of skin which holds the testes

33
Q

Epididymis function:

A

Tubes that store sperm for future use

34
Q

Ovary function:

A

Produces the female gamete, the egg (ovum)

35
Q

Oviduct function:

A

A tube lined with tiny hairs called cilia, that connect the ovaries to the uterus

36
Q

Uterus function:

A

A muscular bag in which a baby develops until it’s birth

37
Q

Lining of uterus function:

A

This part of the uterus is shed during a menstrual period

38
Q

Cervix function:

A

A ring of muscle at the neck of the uterus that closes the uterus until the baby is ready to be born

39
Q

Vagina function:

A

A muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body. A man’s penis goes here during sexual intercourse

40
Q

Clitoris function:

A

The button-shaped bump above the urethra and vagina

41
Q

Labia function:

A

The folds of skin that cover the openings to the vagina and the urethra

42
Q

Why does the penis lie outside the body cavity?

A

Because outside the body (or room temperature) is the perfect temperature for semen to be stored at

43
Q

Function of placenta:

A

Supplies Oxygen, supplies glucose, removes co2, removes waste products, barrier to prevent blood mixing

44
Q

What is it called when the egg is buried into the uterus lining?

A

Implantation

45
Q

Why is the uterus lining maintained?

A

Lining is maintained for the blood supply needed for implantation and to supply oxygen for the implanted egg

46
Q

What substances can pass across the placenta from the fetus to the mother?

A

Carbon dioxide, waste products, urea

47
Q

What substances can pass across the placenta from the mother to the fetus?

A

Oxygen, digested food, glucose, antibodies, drugs, alcohol, microbes such as HIV and rubella

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions