Human Reproduction

Question 1

What is the definition of fertilisation?

Answer 1

Fertilisation is when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell

Question 2

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 2

The fallopian tube

Question 3

When an egg and a sperm cell fuse, what do they form?

Answer 3

A zygote

Question 4

What is a gamete?

Answer 4

A sex cell

Question 5

Give two examples of gametes:

Answer 5

An egg cell
A sperm cell

Question 6

What is the next stage of development after an embryo?

Answer 6

A fetus

Question 7

Name 2 types of reproduction

Answer 7

Sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction

Question 8

Give 4 examples of asexual reproduction:

Answer 8

Bacteria, yeast, plants, jellyfish

Question 9

Give 4 examples of sexual reproduction:

Answer 9

Fish, reptiles, birds, insects

Question 10

Give 2 adaptations of an egg cell:

Answer 10

The size of the egg- allows more space for nutrients to be stored inside the cell
Nucleus- contains genetic information of the mother

Question 11

What is the difference in formation between identical and non-identical twins?

Answer 11

Identical: one egg splits in half and only one sperm cell fertilises the egg cell
Non-identical: 2 egg cells are fertilised by 2 sperm at the same time

Question 12

What is the female hormone used in puberty?

Answer 12

Estrogen

Question 13

What is the function of the amniotic sac?

Answer 13

It surrounds the fetus during pregnancy, protecting the fetus from injury.

Question 14

What day on the menstrual clock does ovulation occur?

Answer 14

Day 14

Question 15

Why does the uterus lining break down?

Answer 15

Because it builds itself up when an egg is released, but if it is not fertilised, then the lining breaks down and bleeds

Question 16

How do substances pass from the fetus to the mother and back? Give examples of these substances:

Answer 16

The placenta lets substances pass between the two blood supplies: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the placenta from the mother to the fetus. Co2 and other waste products diffuse from the fetus to the mother.

Question 17

Function of ovary:

Answer 17

The ovaries are a pair of female glands where the eggs form and where the female hormones are made

Question 18

Uterus lining function:

Answer 18

To nurture the fertilised age that develops into a fetus and holding the baby till its mature enough for birth

Question 19

Function of the sperm duct:

Answer 19

To move sperm away from its storage place in the testes

Question 20

Function of testes:

Answer 20

To make sperm and to produce testosterone

Question 21

Name 5 changes boys experience through puberty:

Answer 21

• voice deepens
• pubic hair grows
• testes start to make sperm cells
• testes and penis get bigger
• shoulders get wider

Question 22

Name 5 changes females experience through puberty:

Answer 22

• breasts develop
• ovaries start to release eggs
• hips get wider
• pubic hair grows
• stronger body smell

Question 23

What is the name of the period of life between puberty and adulthood?

Answer 23

Adolescence

Question 24

3 ways a sperm cell has adapted to its function:

Answer 24

• a flagellum (tail) to help it to swim up the fallopian tube
• a nucleus to carry the genetic information of the father
• lots of mitochondria so it has lots of energy to swim to the egg cell

Question 25

Function of penis:

Answer 25

Organ which passes semen and urine of the man’s body (but not at the same time)

Question 26

Function of bladder:

Answer 26

Stores urine

Question 27

Function of glands:

Answer 27

Produces fluids that provide the sperm with nutrients. This mixture of sperm and fluid is called semen

Question 28

Function of sperm duct:

Answer 28

Tube through which sperm travels on the way to the glands

Question 29

Urethra function:

Answer 29

The tube inside the penis that carries the urine or semen. A ring of muscle makes sure that there is no chance of urine and semen getting mixed up

Question 30

Testes function:

Answer 30

Organs which make the male gamete, sperm and also the hormone testosterone

Question 31

Foreskin function:

Answer 31

Skin that protects the end of the penis

Question 32

Scrotum function:

Answer 32

A bag of skin which holds the testes

Question 33

Epididymis function:

Answer 33

Tubes that store sperm for future use

Question 34

Ovary function:

Answer 34

Produces the female gamete, the egg (ovum)

Question 35

Oviduct function:

Answer 35

A tube lined with tiny hairs called cilia, that connect the ovaries to the uterus

Question 36

Uterus function:

Answer 36

A muscular bag in which a baby develops until it’s birth

Question 37

Lining of uterus function:

Answer 37

This part of the uterus is shed during a menstrual period

Question 38

Cervix function:

Answer 38

A ring of muscle at the neck of the uterus that closes the uterus until the baby is ready to be born

Question 39

Vagina function:

Answer 39

A muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body. A man’s penis goes here during sexual intercourse

Question 40

Clitoris function:

Answer 40

The button-shaped bump above the urethra and vagina

Question 41

Labia function:

Answer 41

The folds of skin that cover the openings to the vagina and the urethra

Question 42

Why does the penis lie outside the body cavity?

Answer 42

Because outside the body (or room temperature) is the perfect temperature for semen to be stored at

Question 43

Function of placenta:

Answer 43

Supplies Oxygen, supplies glucose, removes co2, removes waste products, barrier to prevent blood mixing

Question 44

What is it called when the egg is buried into the uterus lining?

Answer 44

Implantation

Question 45

Why is the uterus lining maintained?

Answer 45

Lining is maintained for the blood supply needed for implantation and to supply oxygen for the implanted egg

Question 46

What substances can pass across the placenta from the fetus to the mother?

Answer 46

Carbon dioxide, waste products, urea

Question 47

What substances can pass across the placenta from the mother to the fetus?

Answer 47

Oxygen, digested food, glucose, antibodies, drugs, alcohol, microbes such as HIV and rubella