human reproduction

Question 1

where is sperm produced

Answer 1

testes

Question 2

where are the eggs produced

Answer 2

ovaries

Question 3

structure of sperm

Answer 3

sac of enzymes to penetrate egg membrane

nucleus
mitochondria
flagellum

Question 4

where is semen ejaculated through?

Answer 4

urethra of man

Question 5

where does the semen reach

Answer 5

into vagina and swims towards oviducts

Question 6

label

Answer 6

Question 7

label

Answer 7

Question 8

where is an egg released from

Answer 8

ovaries

Question 9

where is the egg released to

Answer 9

an oviduct

Question 10

what is ovulation?

Answer 10

process of an egg released into oviduct from ovary

Question 11

explain what happens if egg is fertilized during intercourse.

Answer 11

zygote formed will begin to form embryo, which will implant uterus lining. the embryo will develop a placenta.

Question 12

placenta function

Answer 12

allows embryo to obtain materials such as oxygen and nutrients from mothers blood.

gets rid of embryos waste substances.

anchors embryo in uterus

placenta secretes progesterone which prevents abortion, and other hormones.

barrier to pathogens

Question 13

adaptions of placenta (5)

Answer 13

The placenta has numerous villi that increase surface area, maximizes the efficiency of diffusion, allowing greater exchange of substances.

The walls separating are very thin, minimizing diffusion distance. This enables fast and efficient transfer.

blood vessels are in close proximity, though they do not mix. efficient diffusion of substances between the two bloodstreams.

hormone production

Question 14

oviducts/fallopian tube definition

Answer 14

connects ovary to uterus, where fertilization occurs

Question 15

ovary function

Answer 15

gland, produces ova and hormones

Question 16

whats baby held in inside uterus

Answer 16

embryo enclosed in a membrane called amnion, the amnion secretes amniotic fluid

Question 17

how does amniotic fluid protect developing embryo

Answer 17

protects embryo against sudden movements and bumps

Question 18

what is amniotic fluid made of

Answer 18

mothers plasma

Question 19

stages of birth

Answer 19

1. dilation of cervix
2. delivery of baby (contractions)
3. delivery after birth(placenta is pushed out together with membranes that surrounded the baby

Question 20

puberty developments

Answer 20

gametes start to mature and be released

bodies adapt to allow reproduction

Question 21

male sexual charecteristics

Answer 21

testes produces sperm

growth and development of sexual organs

growth of facial and body hair

increase in body mass

voice breaks

sex drive develops

Question 22

hormone that control male sexual characteristics

Answer 22

testosterone

Question 23

female sexual characteristics

Answer 23

sexual drive

growth of armpit and pubic hair

growth and development of sexual organs

menstrual cycle begins, ovulation also

breasts develop

hips widen

Question 24

hormone that causes female development

Answer 24

oestrogen

Question 25

oestrogen , gland produced and function

Answer 25

ovaries formation and maintenance of uterus lining inhibits (Follicle-stimulating hormone) production (FSH) stimulates release of LH (helps control menstrual cycle)

Question 26

progesterone, gland produced and function

Answer 26

ovaries maintains uterus lining during pregnancy and later part of cycle inhibits LH and FSH

Question 27

ovulation day

Answer 27

14

Question 28

period day

Answer 28

1-5

Question 29

cycle duration

Answer 29

28

Question 30

menstruation lining

Answer 30

loss of lining due to low progesterone and oestrogen

Question 31

menstruation definition

Answer 31

cycle of shedding of uterus lining every 28 days

Question 32

How does fertilisation occur once egg and sperm have met

Answer 32

Sperm and eggs meet in fallopian tube, head of sperm releases enzyme Digests path through protective layer surrounding egg Sperm moves along pathway through egg cell membrane Immediately egg releases thick layer of material to prevent entry of further sperm (or too many chromosomes would be present)

Question 33

moment of ovulation

Answer 33

egg grows inside follicle at day 14 follicle moves towards edge of ovary and the egg is released as follicle bursts open.

Question 34

what happens with follicle if egg is fertillised

Answer 34

follicle forms corpus luteum. corpus luteum makes progesterone, completing development of uterus by thickening and maintaining it, ready for fertillised egg to sink into it and develop into an embryo.

Question 35

what happens to corpus luteum if egg is not fetilised

Answer 35

corpus luteum breaks down and stops making progesterone.

Question 36

what secretes progesterone later on in pregnancy instead of corpus luteum

Answer 36

placenta