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Human Reproduction Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

The male reproductive system is located in the

A

Pelvis region

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2
Q

Where is the male reproductive system located?

A

In the pelvis region

The male reproductive system includes various structures that are essential for reproduction.

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3
Q

What are the primary components of the male reproductive system?

A

A pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and the external genitalia

These components work together to facilitate reproduction.

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4
Q

What is the function of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

A

It carries urine and semen out of the body

The urethra serves dual functions in males.

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5
Q

At what age do significant changes typically occur in the male reproductive system?

A

Around the age of fifty years

This age is often associated with changes in reproductive health.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ stores sperm and is located adjacent to the testis.

A

epididymis

The epididymis is crucial for sperm maturation.

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7
Q

True or False: The male reproductive system includes only the testes.

A

False

The system comprises multiple structures, not just the testes.

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8
Q

What do the ducts from the testis open into?

A

The epididymis and vesicle

These ducts play a key role in transporting sperm.

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9
Q

List the main structures involved in the male reproductive system.

A
  • Testes
  • Epididymis
  • Accessory ducts
  • Glands
  • External genitalia

Each structure has a specific role in reproduction.

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10
Q

Where are the testes located?

A

The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called the scrotum.

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11
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes (2-2.5° C lower than the normal internal body temperature) necessary for spermatogenesis.

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12
Q

What is the shape and size of an adult testis?

A

In adults, each testis is oval in shape, with a length of about 4 to 5 cm and a width of about 2 to 3 cm.

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13
Q

What covers the testis?

A

The testis is covered by a dense covering.

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14
Q

What are testicular lobules?

A

Each testis has about 250 compartments called testicular lobules.

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15
Q

What do seminiferous tubules do?

A

Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced.

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16
Q

What types of cells line the seminiferous tubules?

A

Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells.

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17
Q

What is the role of male germ cells?

A

The male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation.

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18
Q

What is the role of Sertoli cells?

A

Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

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19
Q

What is found in the interstitial spaces outside the seminiferous tubules?

A

The regions outside the seminiferous tubules called interstitial spaces contain small blood vessels and interstitial cells or Leydig cells.

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20
Q

What do Leydig cells do?

A

Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called androgens.

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21
Q

What are the male sex accessory ducts?

Study These Flashcards
A

The male sex accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens.

22
Q

How do the seminiferous tubules connect to the vasa efferentia?

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A

The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis.

23
Q

What is the path of sperm from the testis to the urethra?

Study These Flashcards
A

The vasa efferentia leave the testis and open into the epididymis, which leads to the vas deferens that ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder, receiving a duct from the seminal vesicle and opening into the urethra as the ejaculatory duct.

24
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

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A

The urethra originates from the urinary bladder and extends through the penis to its external opening called urethral meatus.

25
What are Sertoli cells?
Sertoli cells are supporting cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
26
What is the penis?
The penis is the male external genitalia made up of special tissue that helps in erection to facilitate insemination.
27
What is the glans penis?
The glans penis is the enlarged end of the penis, covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin.
28
What are the male accessory glands?
The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, a prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands.
29
What is seminal plasma?
Seminal plasma is the fluid that constitutes the secretions of the male accessory glands, rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
30
What is the function of bulbourethral glands?
The secretions of bulbourethral glands help in the lubrication of the penis.
31
What is the oviduct?
The oviduct is an accessory duct that connects the ovary to the uterus.
32
What are the main components of the female reproductive system?
It consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, external genitalia, and a pair of mammary glands.
33
What is the size and location of ovaries
Ovaries are present on either side of lower abdomen, each about 2-4cm in length and 1.5cm in width. They are connected to pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments.
34
What is the structure of an ovary?
Ovary is covered by a thin epithelium enclosing the stroma. Stroma contains outer cortex and inner medulla, having a number of follicular cells.
35
What is the oviduct (Fallopian tube) and its features?
It is a 10-12cm long, muscular tube extending from the periphery of ovary to the uterus. Close to ovary, it has funnel-shaped infundibulum with an opening called ostium. Its margin has finger-like projections called fimbriae lined with cilia.
36
What is the function of fimbriae?
It helps in collection of ovum after ovulation.
37
Describe the structure of uterus.
It is an inverted pear-shaped structure, about 8cm long and 5cm in width, attached to pelvic wall by ligaments. It has three layers: outer membranous perimetrium, middle myometrium with thick layer of smooth muscles, and inner glandular endometrium.
38
What is special about the endometrium?
Endometrium undergoes cyclical changes and myometrium exhibits contraction during delivery.
39
What is vagina and its function?
It is an elastic muscular tube which acts as copulatory organ. Cervical canal and vagina together form the birth canal.
40
What are the components of external genitalia?
External genitalia includes mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora and clitoris.
41
What is mons pubis?
Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered with pubic
42
What are labia majora?
Labia majora are fleshy folds of tissue which extend down from mons pubis and surround the external opening.
43
What are labia minora?
Labia minora are fold pairs that lie between labia majora.
44
What is the hymen?
: The hymen is a membrane that partially covers the opening of vagina. It can get ruptured during vigorous exercise, cycling etc., so its presence or absence is not a reliable proof of virginity.
45
Where are mammary glands located?
Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that lie at the pectoral region.
46
What is the composition of breast tissue?
Each breast contains glandular tissue and fat. The glandular tissue is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes.
47
What are alveoli and their function?
Alveoli are clusters of cells in mammary glands. The cells of alveoli secrete milk which is stored in the cavities of alveoli.
48
What is the pathway of milk in mammary glands?
Alveoli opens into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked out.
49
What is areola?
Areola is the sensitive circular area present around the nipple.
50
What are the main components visible in the anatomical structure of a mammary gland?
The main components are: - Mammary lobe - Mammary alveolus - Mammary duct - Ampulla - Lactiferous duct - Nipple - Areola - Fat tissue - Pectoralis major muscle

Biology (2 decks)

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