Human Reproduction

Question 1

IVF

Answer 1

Fusion of egg and and sperm cell outside the body

Question 2

Germ layer from which embryo arises

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

What does the placenta form from

Answer 3

Uterine and embryonic tissues

Question 4

2 reasons why mother and baby’s blood can’t mix

Answer 4

Different blood pressures

Different blood types

Question 5

Day 1-5

Answer 5

Lining of the uterus breaks down and is shed from the body

Question 6

Day 14

Answer 6

Ovulation

Question 7

FSH

Answer 7

Produced by the pituitary gland
Days 1-5
Stimulates development of eggs

Question 8

LH

Answer 8

Produced by the pituitary gland
Day 14
Stimulates ovulation

Question 9

Oestrogen

Answer 9

Produced by the Graafian follicle
Days 5-14
Causes endometrium to develop
Inhibits FSH

Question 10

Progesterone

Answer 10

Produced by corpus luteum
Days 14-28
Maintains structure of endometrium
Inhibits FSH and LH

Question 11

Survival times of egg and sperm

Answer 11

Egg 12-48 hours

Sperm 0-7 days

Question 12

Testes

Answer 12

Produce sperm by meiosis

Question 13

Epididymis

Answer 13

Maturing of sperm cells

Question 14

Sperm duct

Answer 14

Mixing of sperm and seminal fluid

Question 15

Urethra

Answer 15

Carries urine/sperm out of the body at different times

Question 16

Prostate gland

Answer 16

Mixing of sperm and seminal fluid

Question 17

Penis

Answer 17

Places sperm in vagina

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

Causes primary male sex characteristics ie.growth of penis

Question 19

Secondary male characteristics

Answer 19

Pubic hair
Widening of shoulders
Enlargement of larynx

Question 20

Male infertility

Answer 20

Low sperm count
Cause:alcohol
Corrective measure:change in diet/lifestyle

Question 21

Ovulation

Answer 21

Release of an egg from ovary

Question 22

Ovaries

Answer 22

Eggs produced by meiosis
Haploid egg surrounded by Graafian follicle
Swells and bursts at ovulation to release eggs
After ovulation, follicle fills with yellow cells to become corpus luteum

Question 23

Fallopian tube

Answer 23

Where fertilisation occurs

Question 24

Menopause

Answer 24

When ovulation and menstruation stop happening in a female

Question 25

Menstrual cycle

Answer 25

A series of events that occurs every 28 days in the female if fertilisation has not taken place

Question 26

Days 1-5

Answer 26

Edometrium breaks down and is shed from the body Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce a new egg FSH stimulates production of Graafian follicle which surrounds egg

Question 27

Days 6-14

Answer 27

Oestrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH which ensures only one follicle forms

Question 28

Day 14

Answer 28

Ovulation due to a surge of LH | Graafian follicle bursts

Question 29

Days 14-28

Answer 29

Graafian follicle develops into corpus luteum | Produced progesterone

Question 30

Days 28

Answer 30

Endometrium breaks down | Menstruation occurs

Question 31

Menstruation

Answer 31

Discharge of the lining of the uterus and the fertilised eggs

Question 32

Secondary female characteristics

Answer 32

Widening of pelvis Enlargement of breasts Growth of pubic hair

Question 33

Fibroids

Answer 33

Benign tumours that grow in the muscular wall of the uterus

Question 34

Morula

Answer 34

Ball of cells that form as a result of mitosis

Question 35

Blastocyst

Answer 35

Fluid filled sac containing an inner cell mass

Question 36

Three germ layers

Answer 36

Ectoderm-nervous system Mesoderm-musculoskeletal system Endoderm-liver

Question 37

Childbirth

Answer 37

``` Oxytocin stimulates contractions Amniotic sac breaks Cervix dilates Baby is pushed out Umbilical cord is cut and clamped Placenta is expelled ```

Question 38

Advantage of breast feeding

Answer 38

Colostrum contains antibodies which help protect the baby from diseases in the first few weeks

Question 39

Causes of infertility in males

Answer 39

Low speed count | Endocrine gland failure

Question 40

Cause of infertility in females

Answer 40

Fallopian tube blockage

Question 41

Where does meiosis occur in males

Answer 41

Testes

Question 42

Where does meiosis occur in females

Answer 42

Ovary