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Human Reproduction And Genetics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Ovaries

A

Ovaries store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

The Fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

The uterus

A

The uterus (womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

The cervix

A

The cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

The vagina

A

The vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary on average of every 28 days

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7
Q

The egg is released

A

The egg is released on day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the Fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day1-5)

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9
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce the and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, in the late 40s to early 50s

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10
Q

The testis (testicles)

A

The testis produce sperm

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11
Q

The scrotum

A

The scrotum is where the testis are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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12
Q

The epididymis

A

The epididymis is a coiled tube on the outside of each testi that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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13
Q

The vas deferns

A

The vas deferns (sperm duct) brings the sperm from the testi to the penis

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14
Q

The seminal vesicles , prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim

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15
Q

Penis

A

The penis enters the female and ejaculates semen

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16
Q

Puberty

A

Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexual in mature. It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

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17
Q

Male puberty

A

Male puberty : in males, sex hormones (testosterone) are releases causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs , face , chest and underarms, the testis and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

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18
Q

Female puberty

A

Female puberty: In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen , and hair begins to grown on the body.

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19
Q

During intercourse the mans

A

Penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the womens
vagina

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20
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperm cells seminal fluid is released into the vagina during intercourse

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21
Q

The sperm swim

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A

Up the uterus and into the Fallopian tubes

22
Q

Fertilisation

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A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube and a couple have sexual intercourse, then
one of the sperm cells may fuse with it

23
Q

Fertilised egg

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A

The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together. The woman is now pregnant

24
Q

Zygote

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A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single zygote

25
Embryo
Cell division occurs and growth
26
Foetus
Which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more and after 8 weeks looks like a human
27
Implantation
When the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus
28
Length of pregnancy
The average length of human pregnancy is 40 weeks
29
Amniotic fluid
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid . This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo
30
Umbilical cord
A tube joining the embryo to the placenta
31
Placenta
Is rich in vessels, that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby's blood
32
Labour
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
33
Water breaks
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby’s out usually head first
34
Lactation
The production of breast milk
35
Colostrum
The first three days of milk very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection
36
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
37
Natural methods of contraception
Natural methods of contraception Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period
38
Artificial methods of contraception
Artificial methods of contraception prevent the sperm and egg meeting
39
Condom
Prevents sperm entering the vagina
40
contraceptive pill
contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation
41
Reliability of contraception
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable
42
Inheritable characteristics
Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents
43
Chromosomes
The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called Chromosomes
44
Chromosomes are made of
Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA. These chromosomes carry genes
45
Genes
Genes are Made of chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
46
DNA
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
47
46 chromosomes
When an egg and sperm cell fuse (each has 23 chromosomes) they give the individual they are creating 46 chromosomes. One set comes from the mother the other set comes from the father
48
Homozygous
Being homozygous for a particular gene means you inherited two identical versions of the same gene
49
Heterozygous
Heterozygous is a state of inheriting various forms of a specific gene from each of the parents.
50
Dominant
Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene
51
Having 2 identical copy’s of alleles or genes

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