Human reproduction & In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Question 1

Give 3 examples of secondary sex characteristics

Answer 1

facial hair
pubic hair
breast tissue
hips widen

Question 2

What is ovulation?

Answer 2

release of an ovum from an ovary into the oviduct

Question 3

Where are FSH and LH released?

Answer 3

the pituitary gland

Question 4

Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced?

Answer 4

the ovaries

Question 5

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 5

to mature the ova
to stimulate oestrogen release

Question 6

What is the function of oestrogen?

Answer 6

thicken the uterus lining
inhibit FSH release
stimulate LH release

Question 7

What is the function of LH?

Answer 7

trigger ovulation
the empty follicle releases progesterone

Question 8

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 8

maintain the uterus lining
inhibit FSH and LH release

Question 9

Describe the steps of IVF

Answer 9

1. the woman is given a large does of FSH and LH so she matures and releases many ova
2. the ova are collected and fertilised by the sperm in laboratory conditions, outside of the body
3. the embryos develop in the lab and when the embryos are developed into a ball of cells, one or two are selected and implanted into the mother’s uterus to be carried to term like a normal pregnancy

Question 10

Give 3 factors that increase the success rate of IVF

Answer 10

if the woman is:
- younger
- has previously been pregnant
- has a BMI in the range 19-30 (normal)
- has low alcohol and caffeine intake
- doesn’t smoke

Question 11

What is the success rate of IVF?

Answer 11

under 30%

Question 12

Give 3 advantages of IVF

Answer 12

• allows a couple who are unable to conceive naturally the chance to have their own, biological child
• one round free on the NHS
• reduced chance of genetic disease

Question 13

Give 3 disadvantages of IVF

Answer 13

• low success rate (less than 30%)
• expensive
• chance of multiple births
• destroying a potential life (embryo)