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Human Reproduction, Living Things And Genetics Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release the eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Carries the egg to the uterus

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

The egg is released

A

On day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and passes along the Fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass through the vagina (day 1-5)

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9
Q

Fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and the end of their menstrual cycle. It happens around late 40s to early 50s

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Where the testes are. It is outside the the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

A coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas deferens

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s Gland

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen. It nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim

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16
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature. Ages 10-16 usually

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18
Q

Male puberty

A

Testosterone is released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

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19
Q

Female puberty

A

Sex hormones (oestrogen, progesterone) are released causing the breasts develop, hips wide and hair begins to grow on the body

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20
Q

During intercourse the man’s

A

Penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina

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21
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluid is released into the vagina during intercourse

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22
Q

The sperm swim

A

Up the uterus and into the Fallopian tubes

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23
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it

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24
Q

Fertilised egg

A

The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together. The woman is now pregnant

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25
Zygote-> embryo-> foetus
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single zygote, cell division occurs and grows to form an embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus, grows more and after 8 weeks looks like a human, foetus
26
Implantation
When the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus the uterus lining does not break down so menstruation stops during pregnancy
27
Length of pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
28
Amniotic fluid
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid. This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo
29
Umbilical cord
A tube joining the embryo to the placenta
30
Placenta
Rich in blood vessels. Food and oxygen from the mothers blood into the baby’s blood
31
Labour
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles begin to contract
32
Waters break
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vaginA
33
Afterbirth
After the umbilical cord is cut the placenta comes out
34
Lactation
The production of breast milk
35
Colostrum
The first three days of milk, very nutritious and helps the baby from infection
36
Family planning
To Control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
37
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period
38
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting
39
Condom
Prevents sperm entering the vagina
40
Contraceptive pill
Which prevents ovulation
41
Reliability of contraception
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable
42
Genetics
Is the study of inheritance of characteristics
43
Inheritable characteristics
Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents
44
Chromosomes
The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called chromosomes
45
Chromosomes are made of
Protein and DNA. these chromosomes carry genes
46
Genes
Chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
47
DNA stands for
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
48
46 chromosomes
When an egg and sperm cells fuse they give the individual they are creating 46 chromosomes
49
Homozygous
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus
50
Heterozygous
The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus
51
Dominant
expresses itself more strongly all by itself than any other version of the gene
52
Recessive
the alleles of the trait-causing gene are the same, and both (recessive) alleles must be present to express the trait
53
Biodiversity
There are many types of living things
54
Fossils
The remains of ancient living things
55
Extinct
Some living things disappear
56
Natural selection
How the variety of living things may have arisen, the most widely accepted explanation based on evidence is the theory of natural selection
57
Species
A group of living things that can reproduce together to produce offspring which themselves can reproduce
58
Mutation
A change in a gene
59
Evolution
The process by which different kinds pf living things can develop from earlier forms by genetic changes over long periods of time
60
Adaptation
A characteristic that helps an organism to survive and reproduce

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