human reproductive systems

Question 1

how many primary functions are male reproductive system organs specialised into

Answer 1

3

Question 2

describe the 3 primary functions of the organs of the male reproductive system

Answer 2

1. to produce, maintain, transport, and nourish sperm and protective fluid (semen)
   -spermatogenesis
   -semen
2. To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract
3. to produce and secrete male sex hormones
   -testosterone

Question 3

define spermatogenesis

Answer 3

the process of sperm production within the seminiferous tubules in the testes

Question 4

describe/define semen

Answer 4

contains spermatozoa, enzymes, and fructose that promotes spermatozoa survival

provides medium for sperm motility

Question 5

define testosterone

Answer 5

steroid hormone produced primarily in the male testes and responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 6

the organs of the female reproductive system are specialised: (3)

Answer 6

1. to produce female reproductive cells
2. specialised as the site of development of a foetus
3. to produce and secrete female sex hormones

Question 7

Most of the male reproductive system is located outside of the body. Name these external structures

Answer 7

penis
scrotum
epididymis
testes

Question 8

internal organs of the male reproductive system

Answer 8

vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland

Question 9

external male sex organ- penis -describe (4)

Answer 9

1. penis= male sex organ for sexual intercourse and urination
2. contains erectile tissue that fills with blood making the penis erect
3. sperm need to be kept in an aquatic environment as they have to swim so secretions are added- seminal fluid.
4. semen and urine leave the penis through the urethra

Question 10

what is the socrotum

Answer 10

-external male sex organ
-loose, pouch-like sack of skin that hangs behind the penis, containing the testes

Question 11

name the protective function of the scrotum

Answer 11

-the maintenance of optimal temps for sperm survival and function

Question 12

why is the protective function of the scrotum important?

Answer 12

-for sperm development, the testes must maintain a temperature slightly cooler than the normal body temp.

-special muscles in the wall of the scrotum contract and relax in order to move the testes near the body

Question 13

where is the epididymis located?

Answer 13

at the back of the testis and connects it to the vas deferens

Question 14

function of epididymis

Answer 14

store and carry sperm

Question 15

testis = location for?

Answer 15

testosterone production

Question 16

where does spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 16

the seminiferous tubules
(which are a coiled collection of tubes within the testes)

Question 17

the internal organs of the male reproductive system are known as?

Answer 17

accessory sex organs

Question 18

name the accessory sex organs

Answer 18

vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland

Question 19

function of vas deferens

Answer 19

trasports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation

Question 20

seminal vesicles description and function

Answer 20

-sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder

-vesciles produce molecules i.e fructose that serve as energy sources for sperm. They also secrete alkali fluid which helps to neutralise the acidity of the vagina, making spermatozoa more active

-seminal vesicle fluid makes up most of the volume of a man’s ejaculate

Question 21

prostate gland description and fucntion

Answer 21

-walnut sized structure located below urinary bladder in front of rectum

-contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate that serves as nourishment for sperm. -also secretes alkali fluid.

Question 22

what are the two main parts of the human female reproductive system?

Answer 22

uterus and ovaries

Question 23

discuss the functions of the uterus (3)

Answer 23

1. site of implantation and development of the foetus
2. produces vaginal and uterine secretions
3. passes the male sperm through the fallopian tube

Question 24

discuss the functions of the ovaries (2)

Answer 24

• produce the female egg cells

-produce and secrete oestrogen and progesterone

Question 25

what meets the external organs at the vulva

Answer 25

vagina

Question 26

how is the vagina attached?

Answer 26

the vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix

Question 27

how is the uterus attached?

Answer 27

the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the fallopian tubes (also referred to as oviducts)

Question 28

what happens at certain intervals (ovaries)?

Answer 28

At certain intervals, the ovaries release a secondary oocyte, which passes through a Fallopian tube into the uterus.

Question 29

how does fertilisation occur?

Answer 29

if the secondary oocyte fuses with a sperm cell.

Question 30

where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 30

usually occurs in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote

Question 31

what happens to the zygote during fertilisation?

Answer 31

The zygote then implants itself in the endometrium of the uterus.

Question 32

ovaries are

Answer 32

endocrine organs

Question 33

ovaries produce hormones that act during?(2)

Answer 33

-female menstrual cycle -pregnancy

Question 34

which hormones do ovaries secrete?

Answer 34

-oestrogen -progesterone

Question 35

oestrogen function

Answer 35

-responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics of females at puberty -for the maturation and maintenance of the reproductive organs in their mature functional state

Question 36

progesterone function

Answer 36

functions with oestrogen by promoting menstrual cycle changes in the endometrium

Question 37

uterus consists of what muscles?

Answer 37

mainly smooth muscles

Question 38

reproductive function of uterus??

Answer 38

to accept a blastocyst which passes thru the fallopian tube

Question 39

the lining of the uterine cavity known as?/

Answer 39

endometrium

Question 40

what is the endometrium

Answer 40

the endometrium is a lining which is shed periodically or reabsorbed if no pregnancy occurs. Shedding of the endometrial lining is responsible for menstrual bleeding with a cycle of approximately 28 days. If implantation takes place this is where the placenta develops which provides nutrients to the foetus and removes waste products.

Question 41

two main functions of vagina

Answer 41

sexual intercourse childbirth

Question 42

cervix

Answer 42

muscular opening of the uterus usually closed due to muscle contraction BUT dilates during birth

Question 43

function of cervix

Answer 43

to allow flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina, and direct the sperms into the uterus during intercourse.