Human Resources

Question 1

Organised by system

Answer 1

Split into specialist areas which operate together

Question 2

Organised by product

Answer 2

By individual product

Question 3

Organistic structure

Answer 3

Less layers
Large span of control

Question 4

Mechanistic structure

Answer 4

More layers
Small span of control

Question 5

Centralised structure

Answer 5

Owner makes all decisions and communication

Question 6

Decentralised structure

Answer 6

Decisions made away from head office
Delegation often

Question 7

Matrix structure

Answer 7

Employees with similar skills work together
More than one supervisor

Question 8

Value of organisational structure

Answer 8

Brings order to business
Allow planning for future
See strengths and weaknesses

Question 9

Organisational culture

Answer 9

Equality to employees
Reflect value attitude and beliefs

Question 10

Span of control

Answer 10

Number of employees a manager is responsible for

Question 11

Chain of command

Answer 11

Way responsibility for employees is organised
Line of communication through business

Question 12

Level of hierarchy

Answer 12

Number of levels in business

Question 13

Delayering

Answer 13

Removing a level of management
Adv- chance of promotion increases
Dis- redundancy increases

Question 14

Delegation

Answer 14

Passing authority to subordinates

Question 15

Empowerment

Answer 15

Type of delegation
Responsible of tasks to employees

Question 16

Technical barrier (SW)

Answer 16

Concerned with ability of receiver
E.g to much noice

Question 17

Semantic barrier (SW)

Answer 17

Receivers ability to understand what’s been said
E.g Closed communication

Question 18

Efficiency barrier (SW)

Answer 18

Wether information has been acted on

Question 19

Body language

Answer 19

Greater emphasis
Message not received the right way

Question 20

Ability of receiver

Answer 20

Understand message

Question 21

Wrong media

Answer 21

Ineffective if wrong media

Question 22

Culture difference

Answer 22

Words and tone not perceived right

Question 24

Amount of information

Answer 24

Lots of information be confusing
Could be overload

Question 25

Size of business

Answer 25

Harder to communicate in bigger firms

Question 26

Skill of sender

Answer 26

Right wording Effective not confusing or long

Question 27

Open communication

Answer 27

Language understood by large audience Free of technical language

Question 28

Closed communication

Answer 28

Firms own language Once learnt will be understood

Question 29

Formal

Answer 29

Officially sanctioned by business Polite Posh

Question 30

Informal

Answer 30

Less to no rules how to communicate work

Question 31

Vertical

Answer 31

Management passes down Different layers Top to bottom Bottom to top

Question 32

Horizontal

Answer 32

People in same layer Two employees involved with research

Question 33

One way

Answer 33

Receiver does not reply Orders

Question 34

Two way

Answer 34

Sender and receiver of information Receiver gives information

Question 35

Channels of communication- circle

Answer 35

Restricted network for communication

Question 36

All networks

Answer 36

No set route

Question 37

Chain

Answer 37

Formal and vertical

Question 38

Wheel

Answer 38

Has leader

Question 39

Group norms

Answer 39

Set of rules Expected in terms of behaviour

Question 40

Term time

Answer 40

Mirror term time Adv- good for child care Dis- difficult to find other work

Question 41

Flexible working

Answer 41

Core time and chosen hours Adv- work life balance Dis- discipline to encourage

Question 42

Structured time off lieu

Answer 42

Longer hours in peak times Adv- cost effective Dis- confusing for employees

Question 43

Job sharing

Answer 43

Morning afternoon or day to day Adv- time suits employees Dis- have to ensure work is equal

Question 44

Remote

Answer 44

Away from premises Adv- fewer distractions Dis- set up costs

Question 45

Zero hours

Answer 45

No work guarantee Adv-cost effective Dis- no certainty of hours

Question 46

Compressed hours

Answer 46

No off days Adv- flexible Dis- longer work days

Question 47

Annualised hours

Answer 47

Paid on the hours they need Adv- no overtime rates Dis- uncertainty of hours

Question 48

HR objectives

Answer 48

Pay rates Appraisal On going training changes in employment law and customer service

Question 49

HR state gives

Answer 49

Skills Age Forecast

Question 50

Recruitment

Answer 50

Job description Person specification Internal - less time consuming less risk External- new ideas enthusiasm

Question 51

Selection

Answer 51

Internal/ external- decide which method depending on nature of job Application- compare applicants Interviews- judgement based on confidence appearance punctuality

Question 52

On the job training

Answer 52

Adv- much cheaper Dis- bed habits less valuable

Question 53

Off the job

Answer 53

Time away from work

Question 54

Induction training

Answer 54

Introduced to work place Training by Watching and doing

Question 55

Cost benefit analysis

Answer 55

Managers need to access the work done See training benefits Done on any training provided

Question 56

Appraisal

Answer 56

Assessment of employee performance Adv- give competitive edge Dis- lack of trust

Question 57

Effective

Answer 57

Understand system Senior managers ensure managers committed by to process

Question 58

Ineffective

Answer 58

Lack of commitment Unrealistic targets Inconsistent line manager

Question 59

Self assessment

Answer 59

Self reflective on performance Objective someone is

Question 60

360

Answer 60

Feedback from several people Employee development Time consuming

Question 61

Peer assessment

Answer 61

Clear idea of what needs to be done How well someone is performing