Human Rights

Question 1

What are the three features of human rights?

Answer 1

Indivisible, universal and inalienable

Question 2

What are individual rights? What’s an example?

Answer 2

Applying to individuals e.g. right to vote, right to be considered innocent until proven guilty

Question 3

What are collective rights? What’s an example?

Answer 3

Applying to a group of people - self determination, collective bargaining, healthy environment

Question 4

Outline the role of law reform in the abolition of slavery.

Answer 4

Origins in Egypt, Rome and Greece - change starts in the 18th century

Britain: Slave Trade Act (1807)
Southern States of America: Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
1926 Slavery Convention (defined) –> 1956 Supplementary convention (expanded definition)

Criminal Code Amendment (Trafficking in Persons Offences) Act 2005 (Cth)
Modern Slavery Act 2018 (NSW)

Question 5

Outline how trade unionism protects labour rights.

Answer 5

Trade unions are organisations formed by workers that work to protect the rights of their members.

• provide a means for workers to engage in enterprise bargaining for better pay and working conditions
• protect labour rights by allowing them to negotiate with employers for better conditions, such as increased wages or promotions
• voice issues by creating submissions or lobbying the government
• Australian worker’s union - challenge employers and create enterprise agreements

Question 6

State an international and domestic piece of legislation that protects labour rights.

Answer 6

ILO: 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Pricniples and Rights at work
Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) - e.g. right to safe working conditions

Question 7

Outline how the right to universal suffrage has developed over time.

Answer 7

In Western society, traditionally only white males could vote, with women and ethnic minorities excluded –> civil rights movements

NZ first in 1893, SA in 1894
UK’s Representation of the People Act 1918 granted men of all races the right to vote, women in 1928
US’ Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 - women right to vote
Vatican City: women can’t vote, India’s Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 - Muslim immigrants can’t vote

Question 8

State an international and domestic piece of legislation that protects the right to suffrage.

Answer 8

Article 1 of the ICCPR (1996) –> universal right to suffrage
Commonwealth Franchise Act (Cth) 1902

Question 9

Define the right to universal education, and an international and domestic piece of legislation protecting it.

Answer 9

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