Human Skeletal System

Question 1

tubercle

Answer 1

a bumpy area of bone where muscle tendons and ligaments attach

Question 2

tronchanter

Answer 2

similar to tubercle
only found in the femur
two tronchanters. a greater and lesser
serve as areas of attachment for tendon and ligaments

Question 3

condyle

Answer 3

smooth, convex articular (joint) surface

Question 4

fossa

Answer 4

hollow and depressed are

Question 5

foramen

Answer 5

channel in bone

allows other structures (nerves, blood vessels) to pass through bone

Question 6

long bone

Answer 6

has to epiphyses and a diaphysis.

adult have a hollow diaphysis that stores yellow fats in medullary cavity

Question 7

medullary cavity

Answer 7

stores yellow fat in hollow diaphysis

surrounded by compact bone

Question 8

short bone

Answer 8

equal length and width

made of cortial bone. cortial bone is surrounded spongy bone tissue and bone marrow

Question 9

irregular

Answer 9

non uniform and complex appearance and therefore not easily characterized
fit together like a puzzle and work together as a functional units. (e.g spine pelvis and facial bones)
surface is notched and rigid

Question 10

skeletal system

Answer 10

includes bones and cartilage

ligaments and connective tissue

Question 11

5 primary functions of skeletal system

Answer 11

support
storage of minerals e.g  calcium and lipids(yellow marrow)
blood cell production (red marrow)
protection
leverage(movement)

Question 12

6 bone classifications

Answer 12

flat
sutural
irregular
long
sesamoid
short

Question 13

flat bones

Answer 13

thin, roughly parallel surfaces
e.g cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
protect underlying soft tissue
provide area for skeletal muscle attachment

Question 14

sutural bones

Answer 14

aka wormian bones
irregular and formed between cranial bones
number size and shape vary

Question 15

long bones

Answer 15

relatively long and slender

e.g various limbs

Question 16

sesamoid

Answer 16

small, flat and somewhat shaped like a sesame seed
develop inside tendons of kneee, hands and feet
location and number vary individually

Question 17

bone markings

Answer 17

aka surface features

Question 18

elevation/projection

Answer 18

muscle tendon and ligament attachment

located at joints where adjacent bones articulate

Question 19

depression/groove/tunnels

Answer 19

sites for blood vessel or nerves to lie alongside or penetrate bone

Question 20

Bone markings—elevations or projections

Answer 20

– Process—any projection or
bump
– Tubercle—small, rounded
projection
– Tuberosity—small, rough
projection that takes up a
broad area

Question 21

Bone markings—elevations or projections 2

Answer 21

Trochlea—smooth, grooved
articular process shaped like
a pulley
– Condyle—smooth, rounded
articular process

Question 22

Bone markings—elevations or projections

continued

Answer 22

Trochanter—large, rough
projection
– Facet—small, flat articular
surface

Question 23

Bone markings—elevations or projections

(continued) 2.0

Answer 23

Crest—prominent ridge
– Line—low ridge, more delicate than a crest
– Spine—pointed or narrow process
– Ramus—extension of a bone that makes an angle with
the rest of a structure

Question 24

• Bone markings—depressions, grooves, and

tunnels

Answer 24

Canal or meatus—large passageway through
a bone
– Sinus—chamber within a bone, normally filled
with air
– Foramen—small, rounded passageway for blood
vessels or nerves to pass through
bone

Question 25

Bone markings—depressions, grooves, and tunnels | continued

Answer 25

– Fissure—elongated cleft or gap – Sulcus—deep, narrow groove – Fossa—shallow depression or recess in bone surface

Question 26

– Epiphysis

Answer 26

``` (expanded area at each end of the bone) • Consists largely of spongy bone (trabecular bone) • Outer covering of compact bone (cortical bone) –Strong, organized bone ```

Question 27

Articular cartilage

Answer 27

Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations

Question 28

Metaphysis

Answer 28

(connects | epiphysis to shaft)

Question 29

Diaphysis

Answer 29

``` (shaft) • Contains medullary cavity (marrow cavity) –Filled with two types of marrow »Red bone marrow (involved in red blood cell production) »Yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue; important as energy reserve) ```

Question 30

Structure of Flat Bone

Answer 30

``` Resembles a sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone • Within the cranium, the layer of spongy bone between the compact bone is called the diploë • No large medullary cavity as in long bone ```

Question 31

The skeleton is classified into

Answer 31

The axial skeleton | The appendicular skeleton

Question 32

The Axial Skeleton

Answer 32

``` Forms the longitudinal axis of the body • Has 80 bones • Consist of: • The skull & bones associated with the skull • The vertebral column • The thoracic cage ```

Question 33

Functions of the Axial Skeleton

Answer 33

– Supports and protects organs in body cavities 1. Attaches to muscles of head, neck, and trunk 2. Performs respiratory movements 3. Stabilizes parts of appendicular skeleton

Question 34

The Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 34

126 bones – Includes all bones besides axial skeleton • The limbs (upper and lower) • The supportive girdles (pectoral and pelvic) – Function: • Allows us to move and manipulate objects