Human Skeleton

Question 1

What is a condyle?

Answer 1

Rounded process for articulation.

Question 2

What is a crest?

Answer 2

Narrow ridge-like projection.

Question 3

What is an epicondyle?

Answer 3

Projection above a condyle.

Question 4

What is a facet?

Answer 4

Short smooth surface.

Question 5

What is a foramen?

Answer 5

Opening.

Question 6

What is a fossa?

Answer 6

Deep depression.

Question 7

What is a fovea?

Answer 7

Shallow depression.

Question 8

What is a head in bone terminology?

Answer 8

Swelling or enlargement at end of bone.

Question 9

What is a process?

Answer 9

A large projection.

Question 10

What is a spine?

Answer 10

A sharp projection.

Question 11

What is a suture?

Answer 11

A junction between plates.

Question 12

What is a trochanter?

Answer 12

A large process.

Question 13

What is a tubercle?

Answer 13

A small knob-like process.

Question 14

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 14

A large tubercle.

Question 15

What is a trochanter?

Answer 15

A trochanter is a large process on the femur.

Question 16

What is a tubercle?

Answer 16

A tubercle is a small knob-like process on a bone.

Question 17

What are the subdivisions of the human body?

Answer 17

The subdivisions are Head, Thorax (Trunk), Neck, Abdomen (Trunk), and Limbs (Upper & Lower).

Question 18

What are the subdivisions of the human skeleton?

Answer 18

The subdivisions are axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Question 19

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Answer 19

The axial skeleton is composed of the skeleton of the head (skull and jaw) and the skeleton of the neck and trunk (vertebral column, ribs, and sternum).

Question 20

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Answer 20

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of both pairs of limbs.

Question 21

What does each limb girdle consist of?

Answer 21

Each limb girdle consists of a girdle buried in the trunk that articulates with the free portions of the limbs and the skeleton of the free portions of the limbs.

Question 22

What is the upper limb girdle called?

Answer 22

The upper limb girdle is known as the pectoral girdle.

Question 23

What is the lower limb girdle called?

Answer 23

The lower limb girdle is known as the pelvic girdle.

Question 24

What bones make up each side of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 24

Each side consists of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade).

Question 25

What bones make up each side of the pelvic girdle in young people?

Answer 25

Each side consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Question 26

What is the pelvic girdle called in adults?

Answer 26

In adults, the three bones of the pelvic girdle are consolidated into a single massive bone called the hip bone (also known as coxal, pelvic, or innominate bone).

Question 28

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

Answer 28

The pelvic girdle consists of the right and left hip bones.

Question 29

What is the bony pelvis composed of?

Answer 29

The bony pelvis is composed of the pelvic girdle plus the sacrum and coccyx.

Question 30

How are the limb girdles related to the trunk?

Answer 30

The limb girdles are buried in the trunk, making them parts of the skeletal framework of the thorax and abdomen.

Question 31

What is the arm bone in the upper limb?

Answer 31

The arm bone in the upper limb is the humerus.

Question 32

What is the thigh bone in the lower limb?

Answer 32

The thigh bone in the lower limb is the femur.

Question 33

What is the kneecap called?

Answer 33

The kneecap is called the patella.

Question 34

What are the forearm bones?

Answer 34

The forearm bones are the radius and ulna.

Question 35

What are the lower leg bones?

Answer 35

The lower leg bones are the tibia and fibula.

Question 36

How many bones are in the hand?

Answer 36

The hand has 8 carpals and 5 metacarpals.

Question 37

How many bones are in the foot?

Answer 37

The foot has 7 tarsals and 5 metatarsals.

Question 38

How many phalanges are in each finger?

Answer 38

Each finger has 3 phalanges.

Question 39

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

Answer 39

The thumb has 2 phalanges.

Question 40

How many phalanges does the big toe have?

Answer 40

The big toe has 2 phalanges.

Question 42

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 42

Compact bone and spongy bone (cancellous bone) ## Footnote Compact bone forms the outer layer of most bones, while spongy bone has a porous structure resembling a sponge.

Question 43

What is the primary characteristic of compact bone?

Answer 43

It contains more calcified extracellular matrix than spongy bone ## Footnote Compact bone forms a thick layer in the diaphysis of long bones.

Question 44

What are osteons?

Answer 44

Repeating circular areas in compact bone known as Haversian systems ## Footnote Osteons are the structural units of compact bone.

Question 45

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 45

To monitor and maintain the calcified bone matrix ## Footnote Osteocytes reside in small spaces called lacunae.

Question 46

What are lacunae?

Answer 46

Small spaces in bone tissue that house osteocytes ## Footnote Lacuna is singular; they are critical for the health of bone tissue.

Question 47

What are canaliculi?

Answer 47

Tiny canals radiating from lacunae ## Footnote Canaliculi form a network connecting lacunae, allowing osteocytes to receive nutrients.

Question 48

What is the central canal in an osteon?

Answer 48

The central space that contains blood vessels ## Footnote Also known as the Haversian canal, it is essential for nutrient supply.

Question 49

What is spongy bone characterized by?

Answer 49

Its resemblance to a sponge with many holes ## Footnote These holes can be filled with red bone marrow.

Question 50

What are trabeculae?

Answer 50

Irregular latticework of thin plates and bars of bone in spongy bone ## Footnote Trabeculae contribute to the strength of spongy bone.

Question 51

Where is spongy bone typically found?

Answer 51

Inside most bones and in the epiphyses of long bones ## Footnote It is critical for the structural integrity and function of these bones.

Question 52

How does red bone marrow relate to spongy bone?

Answer 52

It may fill the spaces within spongy bone ## Footnote Red bone marrow is involved in the production of blood cells.

Question 53

True or False: The thumb has 2 phalanges.

Answer 53

True ## Footnote Each thumb consists of two phalanges, while the big toe also has two.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The big toe has _______ phalanges.

Answer 54

2 ## Footnote Similar to the thumb, the big toe is structured with two phalanges.