Human Trafficking Flashcards
Who is a victim of human trafficking?
Females - trafficked for sexual exploitation can be so psychologically controlled that they are allowed to go to the shops in the knowledge they will return.
Children - are known to have been exploited by domestic servitude, begging, sexual exploitation, private fostering and or inter country adoption or their details used to make false benefit claims.
Workers experiencing poor conditions - they may be earning more than their Home Counties however their conditions such as unfair deductions from employers for accommodation, transport, food, heating etc leave them with little cash left.
Financially exploited worker - a worker may believe they are earning a significant wage, but many are exploited by being paid well below minimum wage and working long hours.
Anyone and everyone - traffickers are known to target poverty, disaster and dreams and it is important to realise anyone anywhere can be victim of human trafficking.
What is the definition of trafficking as stated in the Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Scotland) Act 2015
A person commits an offence if the person takes a relevant action, and does so with a view to another person being exploited
Relevant actions include:-
-Recruitment of another person
-Transportation of another person
-Harbouring or receiving of another person
-The exchange or transfer of control over another person
-The arrangement or facilitation of any of the actions mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d).
What are the general indicators of trafficking?
- Person has false documents
- Found in/connection to a type of location likely to be used for exploitation
- Not knowing the address of where they work or live
- Poor or sun standard living accommodation
- Inquiries apparently as a result of assault
- Lack of access to earnings
- Any evidence of control over movement either as an individual or a group
- The person acts as if instructed by another
- Afraid of saying what their immigration status is
- Not or very little payment
- No time off
- Limited contact with family
- Lack of access to medical care
- ‘Discipline’ through punishment
- very limited social contact
- Threat to be handed over to authorities
- Lack of ability to quit work environment
- Other translating/ controlling conversations of victim
Art and part
What would be considered being involved in human trafficking?
A person can potentially be convicted of human trafficking even if they are only involved in part of the process I.e. they only provide the ur transport part or accommodation part.
Trafficking can be one person doing it all
Or
A number of people doing different bits.
Human trafficking v smuggling
Smuggling is a crime against the state
Trafficking is a crime against the person
Both victims may have entered the country by the same means, however, upon arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is free but the trafficked person is not.
Trafficking within the UK
Doesn’t have to be international
Merely moving a victim for the purposes of exploitation form one town to another in Scotland or uk or even a different street can still be considered trafficking
The movement of persons within the UK for the purpose of any type of exploitation, can still be considered human trafficking.
Methods of control
Confiscation of identity documents
Imprisonment
Rape or other sexual abuse
Threats of reporting the person to authorities
Violence of threats of violence towards a person or their family
Threatening to tell victims family they are a prostitute
Keeping the person socially isolated
Continual movement
Drugs misuse
Telling a person they owe large sums of money and they must work to pay it off
Depriving the person of money
Preventing the person from having exit opportunities
Promise of a better life
Language barriers
Met
Types of exploitation
Sexual
Labour
Criminal
Domestic servitude
Organ harvesting
Section 38 of the human traffickers find and exploitation (Scotland) Act 2015
