Humanistic Approach

Question 1

Humanistic approach assumptions

Answer 1

1. Focus on conscious experience, rather than behavior.
2. Personal responsibility and free will.
3. Viewing humans holistically, rather than reducing them to parts

Question 2

Influence of free will on behaviour

Answer 2

= humans are self-determing and have free will, despite influence of internal/external factors
= active agents who determine own development

Question 3

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 3

= seen to motivate behaviour
Primary goal = self-actualisation
- must first meet other deficiencies
- bottom of hierarchy = physiological needs (e.g. water, air, food)
- then safety and security, love and belonging, esteem
- top of hierarchy = self-actualisation
- chronological progression

Question 4

What is self-actualisation

Answer 4

desire to grow psychologically and become ones full potential/capability

Question 5

what is a state of incongruence

Answer 5

Rogers argued that for personl growth, concept of self (way see themselves) must have congruence with ideal self (want to be)
- if not = state of incongruence
- = cause negative feelings of self-worth = cannot self-actualise

Question 6

counselling psychology

Answer 6

• non-directive therapy
• client encouraged toward discovery of own solutions
• warm, non-judgemental, supportive environment
• therapist = genuine, empathetic, UPR
• aim = increase feelings of self-worth/reduce incongruence/ reach full functioning

Question 7

Pros of Humanistic Approach

Answer 7

NOT REDUCTIONIST
More validity
= holistic view
- subjective experience can only be understood by considering whole person
= considers meaningful human behaviour irl context, unlike alt

POSITIVE APPROACH
Optimistic, unlike other approaches
= refreshing alternative
- praised for bringing person back in psychology and promoting positive image of human cond.

Question 8

Cons of Humanistic Approach

Answer 8

ETHNOCENTRIC
Ideas (e.g., personal growth, autonomy, independent freedom) more readily associated with individualist tendencies, not collectivist
= low applicability

Question 9

impact of conditions of worth and unconditional positive regard on self

Answer 9

• self-worth = based on meeting conditions that we deem will make us loved and values (CoW)
• may choose to meet conditions of others for acceptance, rather than what we actually want = create SoI and unhappiness
• UPR = unconditional acceptance/love/affection