Humanistic-Existential Approaches 2

Question 1

What do HEPs lack?

Answer 1

Evidence

Question 2

What ‘Common Factors’ are most frequently studied?

Answer 2

Accurate empathy, positive regard, congruence or genuineness

Question 3

Is there growing support for HEPs?

Answer 3

Yes, especially with depression

Question 4

Which 2 therapy techniques are equally effective in reducing depressive symptoms at 4 months?

Answer 4

Person-centred therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Question 5

Patients in which group are more satisfied with treatment at 12 months?

Answer 5

Person-Centred Therapy

Question 6

When is counselling included as an option?

Answer 6

With first- line treatment for new episodes of less- and more-severe depression

Question 7

What are some interventions for less-severe depression?

Answer 7

Guided self-help, Group exercise and Counselling

Question 8

What are some interventions for more-severe depression?

Answer 8

CBT, Antidepressant medication and short term psychodynamic psychotherapy

Question 9

Define School-based Humanistic Counselling

Answer 9

Non-directive, based on work of Rogers

Question 10

What does SBHC assume?

Answer 10

Distress is brought about by acting in accordance with extrinsic demands rather than intrinsic authentic needs

Question 11

What does SBHC promote?

Answer 11

Self-awareness, self-acceptance and actualisation

Question 12

What type of demographic is SBHC for?

Answer 12

Young people, 13-16, experiencing moderate-high psychological distress

Question 13

What did McArthur et al. find with SBHC?

Answer 13

It may be effective in reducing psychological distress

Question 14

What is two limitations from McArthur et al.’s study?

Answer 14

Small sample and lacks diversity

Question 15

What did Pearce et al. find in a more ethically-diverse sample of McArthur et al.’s study?

Answer 15

It supported it but only short-term effectiveness was demonstrated

Question 16

What did Freire et al. find in relation to McArthur et al.’s study?

Answer 16

There were observable improvements at 6 months

Question 17

What ethical obligation is there for psychotherapists?

Answer 17

To develop cultural sensitivity

Question 18

What can minority groups experience? What can this lead to?

Answer 18

Prejudice and marginalisation, leading to poor mental health

Question 19

What worldview do western psychotherapies support? What can this lead to?

Answer 19

Monocultural worldview, can lead to ethnocentrism

Question 20

Define worldview

Answer 20

How individuals define themselves and how they relate to others

Question 21

What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- individualism (western)?

Answer 21

Collectivism

Question 22

What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- cognitivism (western)?

Answer 22

Emotionalism

Question 23

What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- free will (western)?

Answer 23

Determinism

Question 24

What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- materialism (western)?

Answer 24

Spiritualism

Question 25

What is Derald Sue known for?

Answer 25

Work on micro aggressions and implicit racial bias

Question 26

In regards to therapy, what is cultural oppression?

Answer 26

Traditional Eurocentric therapeutic approaches which can be harmful to culturally diverse groups

Question 27

What do monocultural views neglect?

Answer 27

Multicultural worldviews

Question 28

What does monocultural views fail to consider?

Answer 28

Historical & sociopolitical contexts- ignores the role of power and privilege

Question 29

What does monocultural views resist?

Answer 29

It resists change as preserve status quo

Question 30

What does multicultural views embrace?

Answer 30

Diversity

Question 31

What does multicultural views examine?

Answer 31

Own and clients' worldview

Question 32

What does multicultural views consider?

Answer 32

Power differences based on intersecting diversity characteristics

Question 33

What does multicultural views embrace and promote?

Answer 33

Change by promoting empowerment and social justice

Question 34

What are 3 ways of addressing the issue of culturally-relevant psychotherapy?

Answer 34

More engagement with non-western approaches, adapt existing mainstream therapies to be more culturally sensitive and therapists developing multicultural competencies

Question 35

What does meditation consist of?

Answer 35

Mindfulness of breathing and awareness

Question 36

Where does meditation root from?

Answer 36

Hinduism, Taoism and Buddhism

Question 37

What does meditation show in regards to stress?

Answer 37

Reduction of psychological stress

Question 38

What is Naikan Therapy?

Answer 38

In Japanese Buddhism, you find meaning, feel and show gratitude

Question 39

Does Naikan Therapy improve wellbeing?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What should you do during PCT in regards to culture?

Answer 40

Listen carefully to culturally-relevant cues and ask clients to help therapist's understanding of cultural context

Question 41

What are some potential barriers with PCT in regards to culture?

Answer 41

Therapists as 'experts' to give direction, clients reluctant to talk about problems outside family

Question 42

What are the 3 main components of multicultural counselling competencies?

Answer 42

Awareness of own assumptions, values and biases; Understanding worldview of culturally different clients; Developing appropriate strategies/techniques

Question 43

What do dominant monocultural approaches lead to?

Answer 43

Disempower marginalised groups if therapists are unaware of their own biases

Question 44

In regards to consciousness, what is Microassault?

Answer 44

Conscious

Question 45

In regards to consciousness, what is Microinsult and Microinvalidations?

Answer 45

Unconscious

Question 46

Define cultural humility

Answer 46

Awareness of position in relation to power and privilege

Question 47

What does understanding the worldview of culturally different clients consist of?

Answer 47

Cultural experiences/ historical backgrounds, oppressive environmental influences

Question 48

What does developing appropriate strategies in regards to culture therapies consist of?

Answer 48

Verbal & non-verbal communication and tailoring a therapeutic relationship

Question 49

What do clients rating their therapists as culturally humble also report?

Answer 49

Better therapy outcomes

Question 50

What is the Dodo Bird Effect?

Answer 50

The finding that different types of therapies lead to comparable sized effects in outcomes