humanistic theories Flashcards
(38 cards)
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Unconditional Positive Regard
–Complete acceptance of the client, a nonjudgmental respect of client and his/her feelings allows clients to feel less anxious about their perceived weaknesses and taking risks.
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Role of the Therapist
–avoid diagnosing. •Therapist is non-directive.
•A facilitator (helper) who sets the stage and believes the client is able to do what is necessary for growth and change, self
-actualization. Client determines goals of therapy.
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Locus of Control:
–Through the therapeutic relationship, client is able to take control of their lives rather than follow the direction of others who were previously in control.
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Empathy:
–Therapist accurately senses the feelings and personal meanings
the client is experiencing and is able to communicate this understanding to the client
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Treatment Goals
–•Self-acceptance
•Congruence between client’s idealized and actual selves
•Increased self-understanding
•Decreased levels of defensiveness, insecurity, and guilt
•More positive relationships and increased comfort with others
•Increased ability to experience and express feelings in the here and now
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Non-Directive Therapy:
–Clients are allowed to lead the discussion.
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Congruence:
–Therapist’s genuineness with client, shares his/her feelings
honestly, does not hide behind professional facade—therapist is transparent with feelings, thoughts, and beliefs
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Theory of Change
–Change occurs by creating conditions for the client to grow through the therapeutic relationship with the presence of three essential components: congruence/genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy.
Client/Person-Centered Therapy
Key Concepts
•Self-Actualization:
–Innate tendency of all human beings to reach their fullest potential
Gestalt
Treatment Goals
–The goal is for clients to become aware of what they are doing, how they are doing it, and how they can change themselves, and at the same time, learn to accept and value themselves.
Each person is a real person
Gestalt - Intervention
Empty Chair Technique:
–Used to explore patients’ relationships with themselves or others in their lives. A form of role-playing, the client addresses
an empty chair as if another person was in it in order to act out two or more sides of a discussion.
Gestalt - Key Concepts
•Phenomenological Method:
–Exploring experience by description and abstaining from interpretation; example therapist seeing client ear up in session and instead of saying you seem sad you would say I see that you are tearing up.
Gestalt - Key Concepts
•Experiential:
Through experiments, the therapist supports the client’s direct experience of something new, instead of merely talking about the possibility of something new.
Gestalt Theory of Change
–Change occurs through increased awareness of here-
and-now experience in a dialogic relationship. Both existential and humanistic.
Gestalt - Intervention
Experiments:
–Encourages the client to experience a feeling rather than just talk about it. For example Therapist may perform an experiment by having the client repeat something they said with a different posturing or a different tone.
VERY SPECIFIC TO THIS THERAPY
Gestalt - Intervention
Body Techniques
–Bring patients’ awareness to their body functioning or help them to be aware of how they can use their bodies to support excitement, awareness. LIKE TO TALK ABOUT WHAT’S GOING IN YOUR BODY DURING A SESSION
Gestalt - Key Concepts
•Here-and-Now Focus:
–The past is discussed in terms of how the past affects the present. OPEN TO WHATEVER IS GOING ON IN THE MOMENT OF THERAPY
Gestalt – Intervention
–Focuses on the process, what is actually happening, and the content, what is being talked about.
Gestalt - Key Concepts
•Dialogical Relationship:
–Therapist’s presence allows for the client to
become fully present.
Gestalt
Role of the Therapist
–•The therapist is an authentic, present other
•Non-directive and non-judgmental
•Increase the client’s awareness in the present moment
Existential Therapy
Role of the Therapist
– •Provide an encounter with a “real” other
•Presence of the therapist is essential
•Help the client focus on personal
responsibility for making decisions
Existential Therapy
Key Concepts
– All persons have the capacity for self-awareness.
•As free beings, everyone must accept the responsibility that comes with freedom.
•Each person has a unique identity that can only be known through relationships with others.
•Each person must continually recreate himself. The meaning of life and of existence is never fixed; rather, it constantly changes.
•Anxiety is part of the human condition.
•Death is a basic human condition that gives significance to life.
Existential Therapy
Treatment Goals
– •Client discovers his own life meaning
•Client confronts anxiety inherent in living
•Client experiences agency and responsibility in the construction of their life
Existential Therapy
Theory of Change
– Change occurs through finding philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety by choosing to think and act authentically and responsibly. The core question
addressed in existential therapy is “How do I exist?” in the face of uncertainty, conflict, or death.
CONTINUALLY RECREATE YOURSELF
