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Year 8 - Science > Humans as Organisms 1 > Flashcards

Humans as Organisms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?

A

Provide a quick form of energy

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2
Q

What is the role of protein in the body?

A

Growth, building and repairing body tissues and muscles

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3
Q

What is the role of fats in the body?

A

Provides a store of energy and insulation from the cold

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4
Q

What is the role of vitamin A in the body?

A

Important for your eyesight

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5
Q

What is the role of vitamin D in the body?

A

important to help you have strong bones and teeth

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6
Q

Why is Iron important in the body?

A

To stop you feeling tired and help make your red blood cells

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7
Q

Why is calcium important in the body?

A

For strong bones and teeth

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8
Q

Why is fibre important in your body?

A

It helps your digestion

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9
Q

What disease can you get if you dont have enough vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

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10
Q

What disease can you get if you dont have enough vitamin D?

A

Rickets

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11
Q

What disease can you get if you dont have enough Iron?

A

Anaemia

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12
Q

What disease can you get if you dont have enough protein?

A

Kwashiorkor

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13
Q

What is anorexia?

A

When you dont eat enough food and become too skinny

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14
Q

What is obesity?

A

when you eat too much food and become too fat

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15
Q

What is digestion?

A

When you break down the big molecules in food into smaller molecules which your body can absorb

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16
Q

Why is digestion important?

A

The large molecules of food are insoluble and need to be made into smaller molecules which are soluble

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17
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

It cant dissolve in water

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18
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

It can dissolve in water

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19
Q

Where do the small molecules of food get absorbed in the body and where do they go?

A

They are absorbed in the small intestine lining and go into the blood

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20
Q

Where is saliva produced?

A

In the mouth

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21
Q

What is faeces?

A

Poo - undigested food that is removed from the body

22
Q

Where is faeces excreted / egested (removed from the body)?

A

The anus

23
Q

How does food go from the mouth to the stomach?

A

It goes through the oesophagus

24
Q

Where is water removed from undigested food?

A

The large intestine

25
Q

Which digestive organ has a strong acid inside it?

A

The stomach

26
Q

Where is faeces stored?

A

In the rectum

27
Q

What does liver do?

A

produces bile which you need for digestion

28
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

It stores bile

29
Q

What do the small intestines do?

A

Digest and absorb nutrients from food

30
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Produces enzymes which help break down the large molecules into smaller ones which can be absorbed

31
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

It is the start of chemical digestion with enzymes

32
Q

What are enzymes?

A

they are biological catalysts - they can speed up reactions in a cell

33
Q

What shape are enzymes?

A

Each enzyme is a specific shape and they can also fit a specific molecule and work on them

34
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch and carbohydrates?

A

amylase

35
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein?

A

protease

36
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids (fats)?

A

lipase

37
Q

How can you test for proteins?

A

Sodium hydroxide turns purple

38
Q

How can you test for sugars?

A

benedicts solution turns red

39
Q

How can you test for lipids?

A

Ethanol test goes milky white

40
Q

How can you test for starch?

A

Iodine test turns black

41
Q

How well does a human enzyme work at 10 degrees? why?

A

Not very well because they are cold and can’t move very quickly to help the reaction

42
Q

How well does a human enzyme work at 70 degrees? why?

A

It won’t work at all because it is too hot and the enzymes have broken and become denatured so they can’t help the reaction

43
Q

What temperature do human enzymes work best at? what is this called?

A

It is very long, has a good blood supply and large surface area

44
Q

What temperature do human enzymes work best at? what is this called?

A

They workbes t at body temperature - 37 degrees this is called the optimum temperature

45
Q

What are the two roles of bile?

A
  1. Neutralises the stomach acid
  2. Breaks the fat droplets in smaller droplets to make it easier to digest
46
Q

What are the 7 food groups?

A

Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

47
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

breads, pasta, potatoes, cereal

48
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

meats, beans, fish, eggs,

49
Q

Examples of foods with lipids (fats)?

A

Oil, dairy, nuts

50
Q

Examples of vitamins?

A

A, B, C, D, E, K

51
Q

Examples of minerals?

A

calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium

52
Q

Which foods are digested in the stomach?

A

Proteins

Year 8 - Science (1 decks)

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