Humerus

Question 1

What structure differentiates the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus?

Answer 1

The anatomical neck is above the tubercles, while the surgical neck is below them.

Question 2

Why is the surgical neck clinically important?

Answer 2

It is a common fracture site, endangering the axillary nerve.

Question 3

What are the three main parts of the humerus?

Answer 3

Upper end, shaft, lower end.

Question 4

What does the humerus articulate with?

Answer 4

Scapula (shoulder joint), radius & ulna (elbow joint).

Question 5

What lies between the greater and lesser tubercles?

Answer 5

Intertubercular (bicipital) groove, lodging the long head of biceps brachii.

Question 6

Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle?

Answer 6

Subscapularis

Question 7

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle?

Answer 7

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor.

Question 8

Which muscle originates from the lower half of the anterior shaft?

Answer 8

Brachiallis

Question 9

What structure passes through the nutrient foramen?

Answer 9

Nutrient artery

Question 10

What is the significance of the spiral groove?

Answer 10

Fractures here may damage the radial nerve, causing wrist drop.

Question 11

Which muscle attaches to the posterior surface of the shaft?

Answer 11

Tricep bracchi

Question 12

: What forms the articular part of the lower humerus?

Answer 12

Capitulum (lateral) & trochlea (medial).

Question 13

What does the capitulum articulate with?

Answer 13

Head of radius.

Question 14

Q: What does the trochlea articulate with?

Answer 14

A: Trochlear notch of ulna.

Question 15

What are the non-articular parts of the lower humerus?

Answer 15

Medial & lateral epicondyles.

Question 16

Which nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle?

Answer 16

Ulnar

Question 17

.Name the three fossae of the lower humerus.

Answer 17

A: Radial, coronoid, olecranon fossae.

Question 18

Which muscle originates from the supracondylar ridge?

Answer 18

Brachioradialis

Question 19

Which muscle originates from the medial epicondyle?
A:

Answer 19

Flexor muscles of forearm (common flexor origin).

Question 20

Which muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle?
A:

Answer 20

Extensor muscles of forearm (common extensor origin).

Question 21

Which muscle originates from the infraglenoid tubercle?
A:

Answer 21

Long head of triceps brachii.

Question 22

Which muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity after passing through the bicipital groove?
.

Answer 22

Biceps brachii

Question 23

Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the shaft?

Answer 23

Brachialis

Question 24

Which muscle inserts on the olecranon process?

Answer 24

Triceps brachii

Question 25

Which muscle inserts on the lateral supracondylar ridge?

Answer 25

Brachioradialis

Question 26

Which ligament attaches to the medial epicondyle?

Answer 26

Ulnar collateral ligament.

Question 27

What condition results from a supracondylar fracture in children?

Answer 27

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture (brachial artery injury).

Question 28

How many ossification centers does the humerus have?

Answer 28

: 8 centers – 1 primary, 7 secondary.

Question 29

Name the secondary ossification centers of the humerus.

Answer 29

Head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, capitulum, trochlea, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle.

Question 30

When does the humerus completely fuse?

Answer 30

20Y

Question 31

What muscle originates from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts on the humerus?

Answer 31

Teres Major

Question 32

Q: What is the primary function of the humerus?

Answer 32

A: To act as a supporting structure for the upper limb and facilitate movement at the shoulder and elbow joints.

Question 33

Which artery supplies the humeral head? A:

Answer 33

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries