Humerus And Shoulder Girdle Flashcards by Eli Flores

Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal humerus?

B. Glenoid process

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Which term describes the medial end of the clavicle?

C. Eternal extremity

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The anterior surface of the scapula is referred to as the:

C. costal surface

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What is the name of the large fossa found within the anterior surface of the scapula?

c. Subscapular fossa

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What is the name of the insertion point for the deltoid muscle located on the anterolateral surface
of the humerus?

c. Deltoid tuberosity

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Which of the following joints is considered to have a ball and socket (spheroidal) type of
movement?

d. Scapulohumeral joint

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Which view and projection of the proximal humerus is represented in the figure?

a. External rotation, anteroposterior (AP) projection

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Which rotation of the humerus will result in a lateral position of the proximal humerus?

A. Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to image receptor)

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Which AP projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus is created by placing the affected
palm of the hand facing inward toward the thigh?

b. Neutral rotation

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Which of the following shoulder positions is considered a trauma projection (can be performed
safely for a possible fracture or dislocation of the proximal humerus)?

a. AP apical oblique axial (Garth method) projection

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What medial central ray (CR) angle is required for the inferosuperior (transaxially) shoulder
(Lawrence method)

c. 25 to 30 degrees

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What additional maneuver must be added to the inferosuperior (transaxially) shoulder projection
to best demonstrate a possible Hill-Sachs defect?

c.Perform exaggerated external rotation of the affected upper limb.

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Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile?

a. Grashey method

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How much posterior CR angulation is required for the supine version of the tangential projection
(Fisk modification) for the intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus?

c. 10 to 15 degrees

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Which ionization chamber(s) for the AEC should be activated for a tangential projection (Fisk
modification) for an intertubercular sulcus?

d. Cannot use AEC with this projection

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How much is the affected limb raised superiorly for the PA axial transaxillary (Bernageau
method) projection?

d. 160 degrees

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How much CR angulation is required for a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?

a. No CR angle is required

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Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral projection for proximal humerus?

c. Level of surgical neck

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An AP apical oblique (Garth method) projection for an anteriorly dislocated scapulohumeral
joint will project the humerus _____ to the glenoid cavity.

b. inferior

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Which projection of the shoulder requires that the patient be rotated 45 to 60 degrees toward the
IR from a PA position?

c. Lateral scapula projection

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Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the acromiohumeral space to detect
possible spurring?

d. Apical AP axial projection

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What type of CR angle is required for the apical AP axial projection?

a. 30-degree caudad

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Which alternative landmark can be palpated if unable to locate the coracoid process for the
shoulder projection for the obese shoulder?

c. AC joint

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What type of compensating filter is recommended for an AP shoulder projection?

b. Boomerang

Which of the following modalities best demonstrates shoulder joint pathology such as rotator cuff tears using dynamic evaluation techniques during joint movements?

a. Ultrasound

Which of the following best demonstrates the coracoacromial arch and the supraspinatus outlet?

a. Neer method

The inferosuperior axial projection (Clements modification) requires a CR angle of ____ toward axilla if a patient cannot fully abduct extremity 90 degrees.

d. 5 to 15 degrees

How much CR angulation is required for an asthenic patient for an AP axial projection of the clavicle?

b. 30 degrees

Where is the CR centered for the bilateral acromioclavicular (AC) joint projection on a single 14-  17-inch (35-  43-cm) image receptor?

c. 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the jugular notch

A radiograph of an AP oblique (Grashey method) projection for the glenoid cavity reveals that the anterior and posterior rims of the glenoid process are not superimposed. Which of the following modifications should produce a more acceptable image?

C. Increase rotation of the body toward the IR.

radiograph of a transthoracic lateral projection reveals that it is difficult to visualize the proximal humerus due to the ribs and lung markings. The following analog exposure factors were used: 75 kVp, 30 mAs, 40-inch (100-cm) SID, grid, and suspended respiration. Which of the following changes will improve the visibility of the proximal humerus?

D. Use an orthostatic (breathing) technique.

A radiograph for an AP projection with external rotation of the proximal humerus reveals that the greater tubercle is profiled laterally. What should be changed to improve this image for a repeat exposure?

D. Positioning is acceptable; do not repeat it.

A radiograph of an AP clavicle reveals that the sternal extremity is partially collimated off. What should the technologist do

A. Repeat the AP projection and correct collimation.

A radiograph of a PA oblique (scapular Y) lateral position reveals that the scapula is slightly rotated (the vertebral and axillary borders are not superimposed). The axillary (medial) border of the scapula is determined to be more lateral compared with the vertebral (lateral) border. Which of the following modifications should be made for the repeat exposure?

C. Increase rotation of thorax (toward the IR)

A patient comes to radiology for treatment of an arthritic condition of the right shoulder. The radiologist orders AP internal/external rotation shoulder projections and an inferosuperior axial (transaxillary) projection of the scapulohumeral joint. However, the patient cannot abduct the arm for this projection. Which other projection will best demonstrate the scapulohumeral joint space?

a. AP oblique (Grashey method)

A patient comes to the emergency department (ED) with a possible right AC joint separation. Right clavicle and AC joint examinations are ordered. The clavicle is taken first, and a small linear fracture of the midshaft of the clavicle is discovered. What should the technologist do in this situation?

C. Consult with the ED physician before continuing with the AC joint study.

A patient enters the ED with a midshaft humeral fracture. The AP projection taken on the cart demonstrates another fracture near the surgical neck of the humerus. The patient is unable to stand or rotate the humerus because of the extent of the trauma. What other projection should be taken for this patient?

c. Horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection for humerus

. 41. 42. 43. ANS: C A referring physician suspects that a subacromial spur may be the cause for a patient’s shoulder impingement. She asks the technologist for a projection that would best demonstrate any possible spurs in the supraspinatus outlet. Which of the following projections would accomplish this objective?

a. Neer method with 10- to 15-degree caudad angle

A patient enters the ED with multiple injuries. The physician is concerned about a dislocation of the left proximal humerus. The patient is unable to stand and is on a backboard. Which of the following routines is advisable to best demonstrate this condition?

AP shoulder and recumbent AP oblique (scapular Y) projection

A patient enters the ED with a possible AC joint separation. The patient is paraplegic; therefore, the study cannot be done erect. Which of the following routines would be performed to diagnose this condition?

A. Non–weight-bearing and weight-bearing types of projections performed with the patient recumbent by pulling down on the shoulders.

A patient enters the ED with a possible bony defect of the mid-wing area of the scapula. The patient is able to stand and move the upper limb freely. In addition to the routine AP scapula projection with the arm abducted, which of the following would best demonstrate the involved area?

C. Have the patient reach across the chest and grasp the opposite shoulder for a lateral scapula projection.

The AP humerus requires that the humeral epicondyles are _____ to the IR.

b. parallel

A patient enters the ED with a dislocated shoulder. The technologist attempts to position the patient into the transthoracic lateral projection, but the patient is unable to raise the unaffected arm over his head completely. What can the technologist do to compensate for the patient’s inability to raise his arm completely?

d. Angle the CR 10- to 15-degree cephalad.

A patient is scheduled for an arthrogram. During the course of the study, the radiologist requests a projection to demonstrate the intertubercular sulcus. Which one of the following projections would best demonstrate this structure?

a. Fisk modification

An inferosuperior axial projection (Clements modification) is performed on a patient with a nontraumatic shoulder injury. The patient cannot fully abduct the upper limb 90 degrees. Which of the following modifications of the position should be performed for this patient?

B. Angle CR 5 to 15 degrees toward the axilla

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the mid aspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error?

C. Increase the cephalic CR angle during repeat exposure.

What is a possible radiographic sign for impingement syndrome of the shoulder?

d. Bone spurring in acromiohumeral space

What amount of CR angle is required for the PA axial transaxillary projection (Bernageau method)?

d. 30-degree caudad

Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique (Grashey method) position for the glenoid cavity?

b. 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder

What is the common term for idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?

d. Frozen shoulder

Another term for osteoarthritis is:

c. degenerative joint disease.

The female clavicle is usually shorter and less curved than that of the male.

All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are diarthrodial.

The use of a grid during shoulder radiography will result in higher patient dose over nongrid procedures.

A radiograph of the inferosuperior axial projection (transaxillary) demonstrates the acromion process of the shoulder to be located most superiorly (anteriorly).

For an AP oblique (Grashey method) projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered to the acromion.

The PA axial transaxillary projection (Bernageau method) is performed to rule out possible shoulder dislocation.

PA axial transaxillary projection (Bernageau method) requires a 5- to 15-degree CR cephalic angle.

The recommended SID for AP AC joint study is 60 to 72 inches (150 to180 cm).

The Hill-Sachs defect is a fracture of the articular surface of the glenoid cavity.

The affected arm should not be abducted for an AP scapula projection.

An orthostatic (breathing) technique may be performed for the AP projection of the scapula.

A posterior dislocation of the shoulder occurs more frequently than an anterior dislocation.

The AP axial (Zanca method) for AC joints requires a 10- to 15-degree cephalic CR angle.

For AC joint weight-bearing studies (Pearson method), patients should not be asked to hold on to the weights with their hands; rather, the weights should be attached to the wrists.

Sonography is effective in the dynamic evaluation of the shoulder joint.

The AP axial (Zanca method) requires a weight-bearing projection be taken along with the non– weight-bearing projection of the affected AC joint.

Humerus And Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

(68 cards)